Transport coefficients and scattering cross-sections for plasma modelling in CF4-Ar mixtures: a swarm analysis

Electron transport coefficients and the excitation, attachment and ionization rates in pure CF4 and in CF4-Ar mixtures have been calculated for a set of cross-sections which was based on the work of Nakamura (1991 Gaseous Electronics and Their Applications ed R W Crompton et al (Tokyo: KTK Scientific) pp 178-200) but which was modified to include more complex dissociation and ionization kinetics required to develop an adequate plasma chemical model. The procedure for the calculation was the direct numerical procedure (DNP) solution to the Boltzmann equation which makes no approximations in the number of terms used to represent the anisotropy of the distribution function in the velocity space. However, its accuracy may be limited by the density of the grid used. In this paper, we apply the DNP technique to establish its adequacy for plasma modelling in pure CF4 and in 5% CF4-Ar mixture, as well as establishing the adequacy of the cross-section set that was used.

[1]  T. Kitajima Functional separation of biasing and sustaining voltages in two-frequency capacitively coupled plasma , 2000 .

[2]  S. Sakadžić,et al.  Diffusion of electrons in time-dependent E(t) × B(t) fields , 2000 .

[3]  T. Makabe,et al.  Diagnostics of an inductively coupled CF4/Ar plasma , 2000 .

[4]  S. Vrhovac,et al.  Boltzmann equation theory of charged particle transport in neutral gases: perturbation treatment , 1999 .

[5]  V. Lisovskiy,et al.  Electron-drift velocity determination in CF4 and SF6 in a strong electric field from breakdown curves of low-pressure RF discharge , 1999 .

[6]  Z. Raspopović,et al.  Drift Velocities of Electrons in Time Varying Electric Fields , 1999 .

[7]  S. Sakadžić,et al.  Benchmark calculations for Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport , 1999 .

[8]  James K. Olthoff,et al.  Boltzmann analysis of electron swarm parameters in CF4 using independently assessed electron-collision cross sections , 1999 .

[9]  A. Phelps,et al.  Cold-cathode discharges and breakdown in argon: surface and gas phase production of secondary electrons , 1999 .

[10]  A. Vasenkov Effect of anisotropic scattering of electrons by CF4 on electron transport , 1999 .

[11]  S. Samukawa,et al.  Effects of Ar dilution on the optical emission spectra of fluorocarbon ultrahigh-frequency plasmas: C4F8 vs CF4 , 1999 .

[12]  Shahid Rauf,et al.  Controller design issues in the feedback control of radio frequency plasma processing reactors , 1999 .

[13]  S. Samukawa,et al.  Effects of rare gas dilution for control of dissociation, ionization, and radical density in fluorocarbon ultrahigh-frequency plasmas , 1999 .

[14]  M. Nagatsu,et al.  Production and Control of Low-Pressure Ar and CF4 Plasmas Using Surface Waves , 1998 .

[15]  A. B. Wedding,et al.  A benchmark model for analysis of electron transport in non-conservative gases , 1997 .

[16]  S. Rauf,et al.  Argon metastable densities in radio frequency Ar, Ar/O2 and Ar/CF4 electrical discharges , 1997 .

[17]  S. Vrhovac,et al.  Influence of excited molecules on electron swarm transport coefficients and gas discharge kinetics , 1997 .

[18]  T. Makabe,et al.  Diffusion tensor in electron transport in gases in a radio-frequency field , 1997 .

[19]  Shahid Rauf,et al.  Model for noncollisional heating in inductively coupled plasma processing sources , 1997 .

[20]  M. Brennan,et al.  Benchmark simulations for electron swarms in crossed electric and magnetic fields , 1997 .

[21]  L. Christophorou,et al.  Electron Interactions with CF4 , 1996 .

[22]  P. Ségur,et al.  Determination of a set of electron impact cross sections in tetrafluoromethane consistent with experimental determination of swarm parameters , 1996 .

[23]  G. J. Parker,et al.  Comparison of collision rates in particle‐in‐cell, Monte Carlo, and Boltzmann codes , 1996 .

[24]  Mark J. Kushner,et al.  A three-dimensional model for inductively coupled plasma etching reactors: Azimuthal symmetry, coil properties, and comparison to experiments , 1996 .

[25]  Petrović,et al.  Momentum transfer theory of nonconservative charged particle transport in mixtures of gases: General equations and negative differential conductivity. , 1996, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[26]  M. Zachariah,et al.  Two‐dimensional laser‐induced fluorescence imaging of metastable density in low‐pressure radio frequency argon plasmas with added O2, Cl2, and CF4 , 1996 .

[27]  S. Vrhovac,et al.  The influence of excited states on the kinetics of excitation and dissociation in gas mixtures containing methane , 1995 .

[28]  E. Gogolides,et al.  RADIO-FREQUENCY PLASMAS IN CF4 : SELF-CONSISTENT MODELING OF THE PLASMA PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY , 1995 .

[29]  M. Surendra Radiofrequency discharge benchmark model comparison , 1995 .

[30]  Evangelos Gogolides,et al.  Modelling of radio frequency plasmas in tetrafluoromethane (CF4): the gas phase physics and the role of negative ion detachment , 1994 .

[31]  T. Makabe,et al.  Time-Dependent RF Swarm Transport by Direct Numerical Procedure of the Boltzmann Equation , 1994 .

[32]  Nakano,et al.  Simulations of rf glow discharges in SF6 by the relaxation continuum model: Physical structure and function of the narrow-gap reactive-ion etcher. , 1994, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[33]  T. Makabe,et al.  RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTRON SWARM TRANSPORT IN REACTIVE GASES AND PLASMAS , 1994 .

[34]  Robert J. Hoekstra,et al.  Two‐dimensional modeling of high plasma density inductively coupled sources for materials processing , 1994 .

[35]  B. Stefanov,et al.  Semiempirical method for extracting electron molecule cross sections from experimental data: CF4 as an example , 1993 .

[36]  H. Sugai,et al.  Partial Cross Sections for Electron Impact Dissociation of CF4 into Neutral Radicals , 1992 .

[37]  N. Shimura,et al.  Structures of Velocity Distribution Functions and Transport Parameters of the Electron Swarm in Ch4 in a Dc Electric Field , 1992 .

[38]  Nakano,et al.  Modeling and diagnostics of the structure of rf glow discharges in Ar at 13.56 MHz. , 1992, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[39]  B. Shizgal Negative differential conductivity of electrons in HeXe and HeKr mixtures , 1990 .

[40]  Toshiaki Makabe,et al.  Modeling of a rf glow discharge plasma , 1989 .

[41]  L. Christophorou,et al.  Electron attachment and ionization processes in CF4, C2F6, C3F8, and n‐C4F10 , 1987 .

[42]  Tilmann D. Märk,et al.  Absolute partial and total electron impact ionization cross sections for CF/sub 4/ from threshold up to 180 eV , 1985 .

[43]  L. Christophorou,et al.  Electron transport studies of gas mixtures for use in e‐beam controlled diffuse discharge switches , 1985 .

[44]  B. Penetrante,et al.  Monte Carlo and Boltzmann calculations of the density gradient expanded energy distribution functions of electron swarms in gases , 1985 .

[45]  P. Ségur,et al.  Comparisons between different methods of solution of the Boltzmann equation adapted to the calculation of swarm parameters in a weakly ionised medium , 1984 .

[46]  G. Haddad,et al.  Model Calculations of Negative Differential Conductivity in Gases , 1984 .

[47]  R. Robson Generalized Einstein Relation and Negative Differential Conductivity in Gases , 1984 .

[48]  Robert Robson,et al.  Kinetic Theory of Charged Particle Swarms in Neutral Gases , 1980 .

[49]  Ivan D Reid,et al.  Corrigendum to: An investigation of the accuracy of numerical solutions of Boltzmann's equation for electron swarms in gases with large inelastic cross sections , 1979 .

[50]  W. Bailey,et al.  Electron drift velocities in molecular-gas-rare-gas mixtures , 1976 .