Efficiency and Stability of p-i-n Type Organic Light Emitting Diodes for Display and Lighting Applications
暂无分享,去创建一个
Karl Leo | Rico Meerheim | Björn Lussem | K. Leo | R. Meerheim | B. Lüssem
[1] T. Nakayama,et al. Development of Phosphorescent White OLED with High Power Efficiency and Long Lifetime , 2008 .
[2] Yi Zhao,et al. Efficient white organic light-emitting devices using 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline as block layer , 2007 .
[3] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. A low drive voltage, transparent, metal-free n-i-p electrophosphorescent light emitting diode , 2003 .
[4] Ananth Dodabalapur,et al. Efficiency enhancement of microcavity organic light emitting diodes , 1996 .
[5] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices , 2006, Nature.
[6] Jingsong Huang,et al. White light emission induced by confinement in organic multiheterostructures , 1999 .
[7] Toshio Matsumoto,et al. Bright organic electroluminescent devices having a metal-doped electron-injecting layer , 1998 .
[8] Eugene Kim,et al. Inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes using transparent conductive NiO electrode , 2005 .
[9] K. Walzer,et al. Influence of charge balance and exciton distribution on efficiency and lifetime of phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices , 2008 .
[10] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Efficient Organic Electrophosphorescent White‐Light‐Emitting Device with a Triple Doped Emissive Layer , 2004 .
[11] R. Stephenson. A and V , 1962, The British journal of ophthalmology.
[12] M. Wong,et al. Efficient organic light-emitting diode using semitransparent silver as anode , 2005 .
[13] J.N. Bardsley,et al. International OLED technology roadmap , 2004, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.
[14] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices for Solid‐State Lighting , 2004 .
[15] Heike Riel,et al. Phosphorescent top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with improved light outcoupling , 2003 .
[16] Henri Benisty,et al. High-efficiency semiconductor resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes: a review , 2002 .
[17] C. Tang,et al. Organic Electroluminescent Diodes , 1987 .
[18] K. Walzer,et al. Highly efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes with doped transport layers , 2005 .
[19] Katsutoshi Nagai,et al. White light‐emitting organic electroluminescent devices using the poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) emitter layer doped with three fluorescent dyes , 1994 .
[20] Frank Nüesch,et al. Water Vapor and Oxygen Degradation Mechanisms in Organic Light Emitting Diodes , 2001 .
[21] H. Chan,et al. Investigation of the sites of dark spots in organic light-emitting devices , 2000 .
[22] Jan Birnstock,et al. High-efficiency and low-voltage p‐i‐n electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with double-emission layers , 2004 .
[23] Katsutoshi Nagai,et al. Multilayer White Light-Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Device , 1995, Science.
[24] Donal D. C. Bradley,et al. Angular Dependence of the Emission from a Conjugated Polymer Light‐Emitting Diode: Implications for efficiency calculations , 1994 .
[25] Tetsuo Tsutsui,et al. Organic light-emitting device with an ordered monolayer of silica microspheres as a scattering medium , 2000 .
[26] Brian D'Andrade,et al. Phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting , 2005, SPIE Optics + Photonics.
[27] Ho Won Choi,et al. Enhancement of electron injection in inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes using an insulating magnesium oxide buffer layer , 2005 .
[28] Y. Duan,et al. Extremely low voltage and high bright p-i-n fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes , 2008 .
[29] T. Marks. Electrically Conductive Metallomacrocyclic Assemblies , 1985, Science.
[30] Bernard Geffroy,et al. Microcavity organic light-emitting diodes on silicon , 2002 .
[31] J. Jou,et al. Color-stable, efficient fluorescent pure-white organic light-emitting diodes with device architecture preventing excessive exciton formation on guest , 2008 .
[32] Xiang Zhou,et al. Low-voltage inverted transparent vacuum deposited organic light-emitting diodes using electrical doping , 2002 .
[33] Wenqing Zhu,et al. RGB tricolor produced by white-based top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with microcavity structure , 2007 .
[34] S. Chua,et al. Bubble formation due to electrical stress in organic light emitting devices , 2002 .
[35] Beat Ruhstaller,et al. Thickness-dependent changes in the optical properties of PPV- and PF-based polymer light emitting diodes , 2003 .
[36] Yasunori Taga,et al. Design of multiwavelength resonant cavities for white organic light-emitting diodes , 2003 .
[37] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Organic light emitting devices with enhanced outcoupling via microlenses fabricated by imprint lithography , 2006 .
[38] Geun Young Yeom,et al. Four-wavelength white organic light-emitting diodes using 4,4′-bis-[carbazoyl-(9)]-stilbene as a deep blue emissive layer , 2007 .
[39] Joseph John Shiang,et al. Organic light-emitting devices for illumination quality white light , 2002 .
[40] Charles E. Swenberg,et al. Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals and Polymers , 1999 .
[41] H. Bässler,et al. A model of weak-field quasi-equilibrium hopping transport in disordered materials , 1993 .
[42] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Enhanced light out-coupling of organic light-emitting devices using embedded low-index grids , 2008 .
[43] C. M. Elliott,et al. Organic homojunction diodes with a high built-in potential: interpretation of the current-voltage characteristics by a generalized Einstein relation. , 2005, Physical review letters.
[44] Joseph Shinar,et al. Bright white small molecular organic light-emitting devices based on a red-emitting guest–host layer and blue-emitting 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl , 2002 .
[45] C. Tang. Two‐layer organic photovoltaic cell , 1986 .
[46] Peipei Sun,et al. New Iridium Complexes as Highly Efficient Orange–Red Emitters in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2003 .
[47] Y. Duan,et al. White organic light-emitting devices employing phosphorescent iridium complex as RGB dopants , 2007 .
[48] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. EXCITONIC SINGLET-TRIPLET RATIO IN A SEMICONDUCTING ORGANIC THIN FILM , 1999 .
[49] Yu-Tai Tao,et al. White organic light-emitting diodes based on 2,7-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-9,9 ' -spirobifluorene: Improvement in operational lifetime , 2004 .
[50] Chihaya Adachi,et al. 100% phosphorescence quantum efficiency of Ir(III) complexes in organic semiconductor films , 2005 .
[51] K. Walzer,et al. 53.3: Influence of Material Purification by Vacuum Sublimation on Organic Optoelectronic Device Performance , 2006 .
[52] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Phosphorescent materials for application to organic light emitting devices , 1999 .
[53] Tomoyuki Nakayama,et al. 19.1: Invited Paper: Development of Phosphorescent White OLED with Extremely High Power Efficiency and Long Lifetime , 2007 .
[54] V. Roy,et al. Efficient White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Based on Phosphorescent Platinum(II)/Fluorescent Dual‐Emitting Layers , 2007 .
[55] Dashan Qin,et al. White organic light-emitting diode comprising of blue fluorescence and red phosphorescence , 2005 .
[56] Chunliang Lin,et al. Microcavity two-unit tandem organic light-emitting devices having a high efficiency , 2006 .
[57] Chi-Feng Lin,et al. Driving voltage reduction in white organic light-emitting devices from selectively doping in ambipolar blue-emitting layer , 2007 .
[58] Kristiaan Neyts. Microcavity effects and the outcoupling of light in displays and lighting applications based on thin emitting films , 2005 .
[59] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. White-light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on interlayer sequential energy transfer , 1999 .
[60] C. L. Mulder,et al. Saturated and efficient blue phosphorescent organic light emitting devices with Lambertian angular emission , 2007 .
[61] Josef Salbeck,et al. White Light Emission from Organic LEDs Utilizing Spiro Compounds with High‐Temperature Stability , 2000 .
[62] Junsheng Yu,et al. Bright White Organic Light-Emitting Diode Mixed Blue and Green Emission , 2008 .
[63] 17.5L: Late‐News Paper: Novel Host Materials for Efficient and Stable Phosphorescent OLED Devices , 2004 .
[64] M. Hashimoto,et al. Substituent effects of iridium complexes for highly efficient red OLEDs. , 2005, Dalton transactions.
[65] K. Leo,et al. Controlled n-type doping of a molecular organic semiconductor: Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) doped with bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) , 2000 .
[66] Antoine Kahn,et al. Controlled p-doping of zinc phthalocyanine by coevaporation with tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane: A direct and inverse photoemission study , 2001 .
[67] Walter Riess,et al. Simulating electronic and optical processes in multilayer organic light-emitting devices , 2003 .
[68] Fumio Sato,et al. High-efficiency white phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with greenish-blue and red-emitting layers , 2003 .
[69] S. Forrest,et al. Nearly 100% internal phosphorescence efficiency in an organic light emitting device , 2001 .
[70] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. White Light Emission Using Triplet Excimers in Electrophosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices , 2002 .
[71] Chieh-Wei Chen,et al. An effective cathode structure for inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting devices , 2004 .
[72] K. Leo,et al. High-efficiency monochrome organic light emitting diodes employing enhanced microcavities , 2008 .
[73] Wolfgang Kowalsky,et al. Inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes using sputter-deposited anodes , 2003 .
[74] Gregor Schwartz,et al. Highly efficient white organic light emitting diodes comprising an interlayer to separate fluorescent and phosphorescent regions , 2006 .
[75] Herbert Friedrich Boerner. OLEDs for lighting , 2006, SPIE Photonics Europe.
[76] Lewis J. Rothberg,et al. Color variation with electroluminescent organic semiconductors in multimode resonant cavities , 1994 .
[77] Martin Pfeiffer,et al. Interface electronic structure of organic semiconductors with controlled doping levels , 2001 .
[78] Karsten Walzer,et al. Ultrastable and efficient red organic light emitting diodes with doped transport layers , 2006 .
[79] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. High efficiency single dopant white electrophosphorescent light emitting diodesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: emission spectra as a function of doping concentration for 3 in CBP, as well as the absorption and emission spectra of Irppz, CBP and mCP. See http://www.rsc.org/suppd , 2002 .
[80] G. Gigli,et al. White light emission from blends of blue-emitting organic molecules: A general route to the white organic light-emitting diode? , 2001 .
[81] Dashan Qin,et al. Increased electrophosphorescent efficiency in organic light emitting diodes by using an exciton-collecting structure , 2005 .
[82] Gregor Schwartz,et al. High-efficiency white organic-light-emitting diodes combining fluorescent and phosphorescent emitter systems , 2006, SPIE Photonics Europe.
[83] Young Kwan Kim,et al. Study on electrical characteristics of organic electrophosphorescent devices based on new Ir complex , 2004 .
[84] Fumio Sato,et al. Confinement of triplet energy on phosphorescent molecules for highly-efficient organic blue-light-emitting devices , 2003 .
[85] Martin H. P. Pfeiffer,et al. Highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLED) for diplays and lighting , 2006, SPIE Photonics Europe.
[86] M. Wong,et al. High-Performance Top-Emitting White Organic Light-Emitting Devices , 2007 .
[87] Xiaoping Zhou,et al. Enhanced Hole Injection into Amorphous Hole-Transport Layers of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Controlled p-Type Doping , 2001 .
[88] J. Sturm,et al. Optimization of external coupling and light emission in organic light-emitting devices: modeling and experiment , 2002 .
[89] Jan Birnstock,et al. 64.4: Novel Materials and Structures for Highly‐Efficient, Temperature‐Stable, and Long‐Living AM OLED Displays , 2006 .
[90] Jan Kalinowski,et al. Mixing of Excimer and Exciplex Emission: A New Way to Improve White Light Emitting Organic Electrophosphorescent Diodes , 2007 .
[91] Russell J. Holmes,et al. Excitonic singlet-triplet ratios in molecular and polymeric organic materials , 2003 .
[92] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Effects of exciton and charge confinement on the performance of white organic p−i−n electrophosphorescent emissive excimer devices , 2003 .
[93] H. Bässler. Charge Transport in Disordered Organic Photoconductors a Monte Carlo Simulation Study , 1993 .
[94] Ching Wan Tang,et al. Interface engineering in preparation of organic surface-emitting diodes , 1999 .
[95] G. Yeom,et al. High Efficiency White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes from One Emissive Layer , 2007 .
[96] Giuseppe Gigli,et al. Organic single-layer white light-emitting diodes by exciplex emission from spin-coated blends of blue-emitting molecules , 2003 .
[97] C. Chen,et al. Recent development of blue fluorescent OLED materials and devices , 2005, Journal of Display Technology.
[98] Hany Aziz,et al. Degradation Phenomena in Small-Molecule Organic Light-Emitting Devices , 2004 .
[99] Chung-Chih Wu,et al. Enhancing light outcoupling of organic light-emitting devices by locating emitters around the second antinode of the reflective metal electrode , 2006 .
[100] S. Forrest,et al. Reliability and degradation of organic light emitting devices , 1994 .
[101] C. Tang,et al. Application of an ultrathin LiF/Al bilayer in organic surface-emitting diodes , 2001 .
[102] S. Forrest,et al. A Full‐Color Transparent Metal‐Free Stacked Organic Light Emitting Device with Simplified Pixel Biasing , 1999 .
[103] Chieh-Wei Chen,et al. Top-emitting organic light-emitting devices using surface-modified Ag anode , 2003 .
[104] S. Forrest,et al. Highly efficient phosphorescent emission from organic electroluminescent devices , 1998, Nature.
[105] Jan Birnstock,et al. High‐efficiency p‐i‐n organic light‐emitting diodes with long lifetime , 2005 .
[106] Hoi Sing Kwok,et al. A yellow-emitting iridium complex for use in phosphorescent multiple-emissive-layer white organic light-emitting diodes with high color quality and efficiency , 2008 .
[107] S. Forrest,et al. High-efficiency top-emissive white-light-emitting organic electrophosphorescent devices , 2005 .
[108] Tomohiko Mori,et al. Electronic structure of 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum/LiF/Al interface for organic electroluminescent device studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy , 1998 .
[109] Jwo-Huei Jou,et al. Nanodot‐Enhanced High‐Efficiency Pure‐White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Mixed‐Host Structures , 2008 .
[110] K. Walzer,et al. Highly efficient organic devices based on electrically doped transport layers. , 2007, Chemical reviews.
[111] G. Yeom,et al. White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes using one-emissive layer of the DCJTB doped DPVBi layer , 2008 .
[112] S. Tokito,et al. Precise Measurement of External Quantum Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Devices , 2004 .
[113] Chang-Sik Ha,et al. Accelerated pre-oxidation method for healing progressive electrical short in organic light-emitting devices , 2003 .
[114] J. Simon,et al. Molecular material based junctions: formation of a Schottky contact with metallophthalocyanine thin films doped by the cosublimation method , 1986 .
[115] H. Antoniadis,et al. Formation and growth of black spots in organic light‐emitting diodes , 1996 .
[116] Wei Wang,et al. Bubble formation and growth in organic light-emitting diodes composed of a polymeric emitter and a calcium cathode , 2002 .
[117] Shiyong Liu,et al. Top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with improved light outcoupling and angle-independence , 2006 .
[118] Feng Li,et al. White organic light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent sensitizer , 2003 .
[119] Xue-Yin Jiang,et al. MoOx modified Ag anode for top-emitting organic light-emitting devices , 2006 .
[120] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Controlling Exciton Diffusion in Multilayer White Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices , 2002 .
[121] R. Friend,et al. Optical spectroscopy of triplet excitons and charged excitations in poly(p-phenylenevinylene) light-emitting diodes , 1993 .
[122] Xiaoyuan Hou,et al. Bubble formation in organic light-emitting diodes , 2000 .
[123] Xiang Zhou,et al. Doped organic semiconductors: Physics and application in light emitting diodes , 2003 .
[124] Gregor Schwartz,et al. Harvesting Triplet Excitons from Fluorescent Blue Emitters in White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2007 .
[125] Atanasiu Constantin Bogdan,et al. Electricity Consumption and Efficiency Trends in the Enlarged European Union - Status Report 2006- , 2007 .
[126] Mei-Rurng Tseng,et al. Efficient, long-life and Lambertian source of top-emitting white OLEDs using low-reflectivity molybdenum anode and co-doping technology , 2008 .
[127] Martin Pfeiffer,et al. LOW VOLTAGE ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES FEATURING DOPED PHTHALOCYANINE AS HOLE TRANSPORT MATERIAL , 1998 .
[128] R. Friend,et al. Identification of a quenching species in ruthenium tris-bipyridine electroluminescent devices. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.
[129] Xiang Zhou,et al. High-efficiency electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with double light-emitting layers , 2002 .
[130] Gregor Schwartz,et al. Reduced efficiency roll-off in high-efficiency hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes , 2008 .
[131] Klaus Meerholz,et al. Outsmarting Waveguide Losses in Thin‐Film Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2001 .
[132] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. A metal-free cathode for organic semiconductor devices , 1998 .
[133] Ching-Kun Chen,et al. Novel carbazole/fluorene hybrids: host materials for blue phosphorescent OLEDs. , 2006, Organic letters.
[134] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Electrophosphorescent p–i–n Organic Light‐Emitting Devices for Very‐High‐Efficiency Flat‐Panel Displays , 2002 .
[135] P. Chou,et al. In Search of High‐Performance Platinum(II) Phosphorescent Materials for the Fabrication of Red Electroluminescent Devices , 2005 .
[136] Stephen R. Forrest,et al. Ultrathin Organic Films Grown by Organic Molecular Beam Deposition and Related Techniques. , 1997, Chemical reviews.
[137] Gang Li,et al. Combinatorial fabrication and studies of bright white organic light-emitting devices based on emission from rubrene-doped 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl , 2003 .
[138] R. N. Marks,et al. Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers , 1990, Nature.
[139] Jwo-Huei Jou,et al. High-efficiency white organic light-emitting devices with dual doped structure , 2002 .
[140] A. Beyer,et al. Controlled p-doping of pigment layers by cosublimation: Basic mechanisms and implications for their use in organic photovoltaic cells , 2000 .
[141] Donal D. C. Bradley,et al. Conjugated polymer electroluminescence , 1993 .
[142] Shih-Feng Hsu,et al. Highly efficient top-emitting white organic electroluminescent devices , 2005 .
[143] Chih-Hung Tsai,et al. Highly Efficient, Deep‐Blue Doped Organic Light‐Emitting Devices , 2005 .
[144] Martin Pfeiffer,et al. Highly efficient top emitting organic light-emitting diodes with organic outcoupling enhancement layers , 2006 .
[145] William C. Lenhart,et al. Operational degradation of organic light-emitting diodes: Mechanism and identification of chemical products , 2007 .
[146] A. Dodabalapur,et al. Microcavity effects in organic semiconductors , 1994 .
[147] Bogdan Atanasiu,et al. Electricity Consumption and Efficiency Trends in the Enlarged , 2007 .
[148] S. Forrest,et al. Enhanced outcoupling from organic light-emitting diodes using aperiodic dielectric mirrors , 2007 .
[149] Yi Zhao,et al. High-performance white organic light-emitting device using non-doped-type structure , 2008 .