High Frequency Oscillators for Mobile Devices

This chapter will introduce the challenge of developing a quartz crystal replacement based on piezoelectric thin film resonators fabricated using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Very often quartz crystal resonator technology is dismissed as 90 year old technology, suggesting it is outdated, which could not be more wrong. At present, all wireless communication functionality found in a handset, including cellular, WiFi, FM, Bluetooth and GPS relies on quartz based frequency references. There has been an immense development to reduce size, package height, cost and frequency errors over the years. At the same time, there has been a strong trend to consolidate the different frequency sources.

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