Factors associated with superficial mycoses in patients visiting Alupe Clinic and its environs in Busia western Kenya

Background: Globally, Superficial fungal infections are common problems in patients infected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The most common, predisposition being unknown HIV status and low socio-economic factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with Superficial mycoses in patients attending Alupe Outpatient Clinic and its environs. After ethical approval, was obtained from ethical review committee, KEMRI. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 371 patients from two health facilities in Busia County Kenya. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaire after patients had consented. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) version 20. Results: Of 371 respondents; 42.86% (159) were males and 57.14% (212) were females. The mean age for both sexes was 30.8 years with std. dev of 20.0046 and a range of [1,89].The HIV status for respondents were; negative 49.33%, positive 6.20%, unknown status 44.47% respectively. Conclusion: The factors associated with superficial mycoses in patients visiting Alupe Outpatient Clinic and its environs were statistically significant and were majorly associated with; age, gender, HIV status, occupation, site of infection and County. Further research is needed to establish why there is high prevalence of superficial mycoses among; Farmers, business, pupils, students, teachers and those who are unemployed. HIV/AIDS testing and awareness as a predisposition should be prioritized in future studies. Keywords: Superficial mycosis , Human Immunodeficiency Virus , Busia

[1]  R. Pillai,et al.  The Low Keratin Affinity of Efinaconazole Contributes to Its Nail Penetration and Fungicidal Activity in Topical Onychomycosis Treatment , 2014, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[2]  Sohita Dhillon,et al.  Efinaconazole: First Global Approval , 2013, Drugs.

[3]  M. Ameen,et al.  Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections. , 2010, Clinics in dermatology.

[4]  M. Friedrich,et al.  Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide , 2008, Mycoses.

[5]  S. Kamiya,et al.  Pneumocystis jirovecii and microbiological findings in children with severe pneumonia in Nairobi, Kenya. , 2006, The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.

[6]  Melody L. Duffalo,et al.  Fungal Opportunistic Infections in HIV Disease , 2006 .

[7]  M. Cheesbrough.  District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries: Supplement Planning a training curriculum for district laboratory personnel , 2005 .

[8]  B. Leppard.  Treatment in Dermatology , 2004 .

[9]  W. Balwierz.  [Drugs used in prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections in immunosuppressed children]. , 2004, Przeglad lekarski.

[10]  Aditya K. Gupta,et al.  Optimal Management of Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair, and Nails , 2004, American journal of clinical dermatology.

[11]  J. Chakaya,et al.  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients at an urban district hospital in Kenya. , 2004, East African medical journal.

[12]  S. Ayaya,et al.  Aetiology of tinea capitis in school children. , 2001, East African medical journal.

[13]  W. Schmeller,et al.  Skin diseases in children in rural Kenya: long‐term results of a dermatology project within the primary health care system , 2001, The British journal of dermatology.

[14]  T. Kasai.  [1997 Epidemiological survey of dermatophytoses in Japan]. , 2001, Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai zasshi = Japanese journal of medical mycology.

[15]  B. Elewski.  Tinea capitis: a current perspective. , 2000, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[16]  T. Kasai.  [1996 epidemiological survey of dermatophytoses in Japan. Epidemiological Investigation Committee for Human Mycoses in the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology]. , 2000, Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai zasshi = Japanese journal of medical mycology.

[17]  N. Patwardhan,et al.  Dermatomycosis in and around Aurangabad. , 1999, Indian journal of pathology & microbiology.

[18]  J. Mselle.  Fungal Keratitis as an Indicator of HIV Infection in Africa , 1999, Tropical doctor.

[19]  R. Summerbell,et al.  Tinea Capitis: An Overview with Emphasis on Management , 1999, Pediatric dermatology.

[20]  R. Baird,et al.  Dermatophyte infections in Melbourne: trends from 1961/64 to 1995/96. , 1999, Pathology.

[21]  O. D. Fernandes,et al.  [The etiology and epidemiology of dermatophytoses in Goiânia, GO, Brazil]. , 1999, Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.

[22]  N. Chin,et al.  A survey of dermatophytes isolated from human patients in the United States from 1993 to 1995. , 1998, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[23]  R. Summerbell,et al.  Increased incidence of Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis in Ontario, Canada between 1985 and 1996. , 1998, Medical mycology.

[24]  A. Rosenberg,et al.  Fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. , 1997, The Medical clinics of North America.

[25]  P. Fine,et al.  The epidemiology of pityriasis versicolor in Malawi, Africa , 1996, Mycoses.

[26]  A. Hall.  Colour Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology , 1996 .

[27]  V. Marchisio,et al.  Fungi responsible for skin mycoses in Turin (Italy) , 1996, Mycoses.

[28]  G. Piérard,et al.  Antifungal pulse therapy for onychomycosis. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation of monthly cycles of 1-week pulse therapy with itraconazole. , 1996, Archives of dermatology.

[29]  R. López-martínez,et al.  Dermatophytoses in Mexico City , 1994, Mycoses.

[30]  B. Coldiron,et al.  Prevalence and clinical spectrum of skin disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. , 1989, Archives of dermatology.

[31]  Findlay Gh,et al.  Superficial fungal infections in the Transvaal. A contemporary analysis of dermatophytoses in this region. , 1988 .

[32]  J. Wasserman,et al.  Dermatophytosis and HIV infection. A study in homosexual men. , 1988, Acta dermato-venereologica.