Creep damage characterization using a low amplitude nonlinear ultrasonic technique

This paper describes a new nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) technique for creep damage characterization. Traditionally, nonlinear material response is evaluated at high amplitude levels. The present paper evaluates the nonlinear response of samples at much lower amplitude levels than used in any previous study of nonlinear material behavior. The newly observed nonlinear behavior occurs when dislocations are constrained between two quiescent lattice planes as defined by Cantrell. Three parameters are used to characterize the low amplitude nonlinear response during the progression of creep damage in 99.98% pure copper specimens studied here; these are parameters that characterize (a) the static displacement, (b) the second harmonic and (c) the third harmonic components of the ultrasonic through-transmitted signal. Various features of the received NLU amplitude vs. input amplitude to the ultrasonic transducer were observed to correlate well with micro-void concentrations caused by creep damage.

[1]  William T. Yost,et al.  Acoustic harmonic generation from fatigue-induced dislocation dipoles , 1994 .

[2]  William T. Yost,et al.  Nonlinear ultrasonic characterization of fatigue microstructures , 2001 .

[3]  Karthik Thimmavajjula Narasimha,et al.  Simplified experimental technique to extract the acoustic radiation induced static strain in solids , 2007 .

[4]  J. Cantrell.  Nonlinear dislocation dynamics at ultrasonic frequencies , 2009 .

[5]  J. Cantrell.  Acoustic Radiation Stress in Solids , 1983 .

[6]  D. Barnard.  Variation of nonlinearity parameter at low fundamental amplitudes , 1999 .

[7]  J. Cantrell,et al.  Anomalous nonlinearity parameters of solids at low acoustic drive amplitudes , 2009 .

[8]  Karthik Thimmavajjula Narasimha,et al.  Issues on the pulse-width dependence and the shape of acoustic radiation induced static displacement pulses in solids , 2009 .

[9]  K. Balasubramaniam,et al.  Fatigue damage characterization using surface acoustic wave nonlinearity in aluminum alloy AA7175-T7351 , 2008 .

[10]  Krishnan Balasubramaniam,et al.  Creep damage assessment in titanium alloy using a nonlinear ultrasonic technique , 2008 .

[11]  Jianmin Qu,et al.  On the Detection of Creep Damage in a Directionally Solidified Nickel Base Superalloy Using Nonlinear Ultrasound , 2004 .

[12]  Shinji Aoki,et al.  Noncontact monitoring of surface-wave nonlinearity for predicting the remaining life of fatigued steels , 2001 .

[13]  R. Fields,et al.  Creep cavities in copper: An ultrasonic-velocity and composite-modeling study , 1987 .

[14]  Davor Balzar,et al.  Nonlinear ultrasonic assessment of precipitation hardening in ASTM A710 steel , 2000 .

[15]  R. N. Thurston,et al.  Interpretation of Ultrasonic Experiments on Finite‐Amplitude Waves , 1967 .

[16]  D. Balzar,et al.  Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameter in Quenched Martensitic Steels , 1998 .

[17]  J. Cantrell.  Effects of diffraction and dispersion on acoustic radiation-induced static pulses , 2008 .

[18]  Kyung-Young Jhang,et al.  Nonlinear ultrasonic techniques for nondestructive assessment of micro damage in material: A review , 2009 .

[19]  John H. Cantrell,et al.  Crystalline structure and symmetry dependence of acoustic nonlinearity parameters , 1994 .

[20]  Krishnan Balasubramaniam,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL ISSUES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF NONLINEARITY PARAMETER FROM STATIC DISPLACEMENT (DC COMPONENT) GENERATION EXPERIMENTS , 2009 .

[21]  Krishnan Balasubramaniam,et al.  Creep damage characterization using non-linear ultrasonic techniques , 2010 .

[22]  X. Jacob,et al.  Experimental study of the acoustic radiation strain in solids , 2006 .

[23]  J. Cantrell.  Ultrasonic harmonic generation from fatigue-induced dislocation substructures in planar slip metals and assessment of remaining fatigue life , 2009 .

[24]  J. Cantrell.  Acoustic-radiation stress in solids. I - Theory , 1984 .

[25]  F. Livingstone,et al.  Review of progress in quantitative NDE: Williamsburg, VA, USA, 21–26 June 1987 , 1988 .

[26]  B. Drinkwater,et al.  Review of progress, QNDE , 1999 .

[27]  Charles Elbaum,et al.  Dislocation Contribution to the Second Harmonic Generation of Ultrasonic Waves , 1965 .