Recent progress on nuclear magnetic dipole excitations

A review of the excitation of the spin-flip and orbital M1 resonance v the electromagnetic interaction is given. Experiments with real photons are emphasized. The two different categories of M1 transitions are summarized and connections between different reactions used to study M1 transitions are discussed. Excitation of M1 resonances through photon (real and virtual) interactions at electron accelerators and with nuclear resonance fluorescence is described. (AIP)