Influence of partial drainage of linings on long-term surface settlement over tunnels in soft soils

The drainage condition combining with the time-dependent properties of the surrounding soil played an important role in the evolution of long-term surface settlement over tunnels in soft soils.The influence of partial drainage on the development of long-term surface settlements and settlement troughs as well as ground loss was studied with numerical simulation considering the time-dependent stress-strain behavior of the soft soils.A case study was finally presented based on the metro line No.2 in Shanghai.