Fundamental Study of Phosphate Bonding in Refractories: I, Literature Review

The literature on phosphate bonding in refractories is reviewed. Phosphate bonding is accomplished by three major methods: (1) the use of siliceous materials with phosphoric acid, (2) the use of oxides with phosphoric acid, and (3) the direct addition or formation of acid phosphates. Except for dental cements, no data on bond mechanism are available. Except for metaphosphate additions, no systematic study of phosphate bond properties has been made.