Parking-Area-Assisted Spider-Web Routing Protocol for Emergency Data in Urban VANET

In urban vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET), owing to the high mobility and uneven distribution of vehicles, the rapid and reliable transmission of emergency data is a challenging task. Some bio-inspired intelligent routing protocols are effective in transmitting emergency data. However, their computational complexity and convergence speed may result in large delays. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that parked vehicles may be used as relay nodes and thus facilitate data packet transmission in VANET. In this paper, we propose a parking-area-assisted spider-web routing protocol (PASRP) for emergency data in urban VANET. In PASRP, a spider-web transmission model is established based on the parking area by using a geographic information system and a digital map. Two control messages, request-spider and confirm-spider, are sent to obtain the transmission path from the source vehicle to the destination vehicle, and the path with the least delay is selected as the transmission path. Then, the emergency data are forwarded on the selected path using a multi-mode greedy algorithm and are prioritized by a dynamic multi-priority scheduling mechanism. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PASRP outperforms the existing greedy perimeter stateless routing and transmission mechanism for emergency data protocols.

[1]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  Dissimilarity Metric Based on Local Neighboring Information and Genetic Programming for Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) , 2018, Sensors.

[2]  Lei Liu,et al.  TMED: A Spider-Web-Like Transmission Mechanism for Emergency Data in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[3]  Joaquim Celestino,et al.  Mobility-aware Ant Colony Optimization routing for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[4]  Marco Conti,et al.  Mobile ad hoc networking: milestones, challenges, and new research directions , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[5]  Min Wu,et al.  Genetic Algorithm Based QoS Perception Routing Protocol for VANETs , 2018, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[6]  Wang-Cheol Song,et al.  Infrastructure-assisted hybrid road-aware routing and QoS provisioning in VANETs , 2017, 2017 19th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS).

[7]  Xiaoying Gan,et al.  A novel algorithm to cache vehicular content with parked vehicles applications , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[8]  Nei Kato,et al.  Optimal Edge Resource Allocation in IoT-Based Smart Cities , 2019, IEEE Network.

[9]  Jiannong Cao,et al.  PVA in VANETs: Stopped cars are not silent , 2011, 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[10]  I. Juvanna,et al.  Secured Multi-Hop Clustering Protocol for Location-based Routing in VANETs , 2019 .

[11]  Lei Liu,et al.  ASGR: An Artificial Spider-Web-Based Geographic Routing in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[12]  Zhili Sun,et al.  Security and Privacy in Location-Based Services for Vehicular and Mobile Communications: An Overview, Challenges, and Countermeasures , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[13]  Adnan Shahid Khan,et al.  A Reliable Path Selection and Packet Forwarding Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks , 2018, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[14]  Zhipeng Cai,et al.  A Private and Efficient Mechanism for Data Uploading in Smart Cyber-Physical Systems , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering.

[15]  Reinhard German,et al.  Cooperative Awareness at Low Vehicle Densities: How Parked Cars Can Help See through Buildings , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.

[16]  Keqiu Li,et al.  SIGMM: A Novel Machine Learning Algorithm for Spammer Identification in Industrial Mobile Cloud Computing , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[17]  Ryu Miura,et al.  Virtual Cell Based Resource Allocation for Efficient Frequency Utilization in Unmanned Aircraft Systems , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[18]  Shaobin Cai,et al.  OptDynLim: An Optimal Algorithm for the One-Dimensional RSU Deployment Problem With Nonuniform Profit Density , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[19]  Yao Zheng,et al.  A Feedback Control-Based Crowd Dynamics Management in IoT System , 2017, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[20]  Shu-Yu Kuo,et al.  An Adaptive Emergency Broadcast Strategy for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2018, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[21]  Jiguo Yu,et al.  A Differential-Private Framework for Urban Traffic Flows Estimation via Taxi Companies , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[22]  Hanno Friedrich,et al.  Legalizing the illegal parking, a solution for parking scarcity in developing countries , 2017 .

[23]  Tie Qiu,et al.  TOSG: A Topology Optimization Scheme With Global Small World for Industrial Heterogeneous Internet of Things , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[24]  Tie Qiu,et al.  Robustness Optimization Scheme With Multi-Population Co-Evolution for Scale-Free Wireless Sensor Networks , 2019, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[25]  Yolande Berbers,et al.  PVCM: Assisting multi-hop communication in vehicular networks using parked vehicles , 2012, 2012 IV International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems.

[26]  Zachary MacHardy,et al.  V2X Access Technologies: Regulation, Research, and Remaining Challenges , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[27]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  A Distributed Position-Based Protocol for Emergency Messages Broadcasting in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[28]  Heng Zhang,et al.  Analysis of event-driven warning message propagation in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2017, Ad Hoc Networks.

[29]  Francesco Giudici,et al.  Spatial and Traffic-Aware Routing (STAR) for Vehicular Systems , 2005, HPCC.

[30]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR : Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless , 2000, MobiCom 2000.

[31]  Song Guo,et al.  A Game Theoretic Approach to Parked Vehicle Assisted Content Delivery in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[32]  Hussein Zedan,et al.  A comprehensive survey on vehicular Ad Hoc network , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[33]  Ryu Miura,et al.  AC-POCA: Anticoordination Game Based Partially Overlapping Channels Assignment in Combined UAV and D2D-Based Networks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[34]  Nei Kato,et al.  A Survey on Network Methodologies for Real-Time Analytics of Massive IoT Data and Open Research Issues , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.