The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis.

[1]  J. Gourmelen,et al.  Level of education and back pain in France: the role of demographic, lifestyle and physical work factors , 2009, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[2]  S. Kav,et al.  Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff. , 2009, Journal of advanced nursing.

[3]  A. Natri,et al.  Association of lumbar arterial stenosis with low back symptoms: A cross-sectional study using two-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography , 2009, Acta radiologica.

[4]  Laura Punnett,et al.  Occupational loading, health behavior and sleep disturbance as predictors of low-back pain. , 2008, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[5]  C. Hildingsson,et al.  Low back pain, lifestyle factors and physical activity: a population based-study. , 2008, Journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[6]  J. Parkkari,et al.  Predictors of low back pain hospitalization – A prospective follow-up of 57,408 adolescents , 2008, PAIN.

[7]  E. Kalso,et al.  Risk factors of atherosclerosis and shoulder pain – Is there an association? A systematic review , 2008, European journal of pain.

[8]  Hiromoto Ito,et al.  Epidemiological study of low back pain and occupational risk factors among taxi drivers. , 2008, Industrial health.

[9]  R. K. Raanaas,et al.  A questionnaire survey of Norwegian taxi drivers’ musculoskeletal health, and work-related risk factors , 2008 .

[10]  E. Levy,et al.  Association between cigarette smoking and C-reactive protein in a representative, population-based sample of adolescents. , 2008, Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.

[11]  Sudha R. Raman,et al.  Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain Among Health Care Providers in a Kuwait Hospital , 2008, Spine.

[12]  J. Remes,et al.  Is Smoking a Risk Factor for Low Back Pain in Adolescents?: A Prospective Cohort Study , 2008, Spine.

[13]  E. Viikari-Juntura,et al.  The association between carotid intima-media thickness and sciatica. , 2007, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[14]  Alex J Sutton,et al.  Performance of the trim and fill method in the presence of publication bias and between‐study heterogeneity , 2007, Statistics in medicine.

[15]  Nikolaos A Patsopoulos,et al.  Uncertainty in heterogeneity estimates in meta-analyses , 2007, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[16]  J. Wark,et al.  The effects of smoking on bone health. , 2007, Clinical science.

[17]  S. Tomita,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors for low back pain among professional cooks working in school lunch services , 2007, BMC public health.

[18]  Jill Hayden,et al.  Low-back pain definitions in occupational studies were categorized for a meta-analysis using Delphi consensus methods. , 2007, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[19]  John McBeth,et al.  Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. , 2007, Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology.

[20]  E. Kalso,et al.  Cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors in lumbar radicular pain or clinically defined sciatica: a systematic review , 2007, European Spine Journal.

[21]  T. Strine,et al.  US national prevalence and correlates of low back and neck pain among adults. , 2007, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[22]  E. Wouters,et al.  Systemic effects of smoking. , 2007, Chest.

[23]  J. H. Andersen,et al.  Risk factors for more severe regional musculoskeletal symptoms: a two-year prospective study of a general working population. , 2007, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[24]  S. Tortolero,et al.  Severe back pain among farmworker high school students from Starr County, Texas: baseline results. , 2007, Annals of epidemiology.

[25]  E. Oksuz.  Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Preference-Based Health States of Low Back Pain in a Turkish Population , 2006, Spine.

[26]  Ali Asghar Farshad,et al.  Low back pain among Iranian industrial workers. , 2006, Occupational medicine.

[27]  H. D. de Vet,et al.  Hormonal and Reproductive Factors are Associated With Chronic Low Back Pain and Chronic Upper Extremity Pain in Women–The MORGEN Study , 2006, Spine.

[28]  S. Fullerton,et al.  Dissecting complex disease: the quest for the Philosopher's Stone? , 2006, International journal of epidemiology.

[29]  S. Bandinelli,et al.  Epidemiology of Back Pain in a Representative Cohort of Italian Persons 65 Years of Age and Older: The InCHIANTI Study , 2006, Spine.

[30]  K. Kyvik,et al.  Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence predictors for adult low back pain? A cross-sectional and prospective study of young twins , 2006, BMC musculoskeletal disorders.

[31]  H. Matsuzaki,et al.  Gene Expression Changes in an Early Stage of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Induced by Passive Cigarette Smoking , 2006, Spine.

[32]  A. Reunanen,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factors and low-back pain in a long-term follow-up of industrial employees. , 2006, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[33]  J D G Troup,et al.  Low Back Pain Among Nurses: A Follow-up Beginning at Entry to the Nursing School , 2005, Spine.

[34]  M. Boyle,et al.  Childhood and early adult predictors of risk of incident back pain: Ontario Child Health Study 2001 follow-up. , 2005, American journal of epidemiology.

[35]  K. Ben Salem,et al.  Prevalence and factors associated to low back pain among hospital staff. , 2005, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[36]  M. Younes,et al.  Low back pain in a cohort of 622 Tunisian schoolchildren and adolescents: an epidemiological study , 2005, European Spine Journal.

[37]  Holger Schmitt,et al.  The association between social factors, employment status and self-reported back pain – A representative prevalence study on the German general population , 2005, Journal of Public Health.

[38]  Hendriek C Boshuizen,et al.  Prognostic factors related to recurrent low-back pain and sickness absence. , 2004, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[39]  G. Spahn,et al.  [Prevalence of functional pain of the back, the hip and the knee in adolescents. Results of a cross-sectional study]. , 2004, Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift.

[40]  P. Scheidt,et al.  Headache, stomachache, backache, and morning fatigue among adolescent girls in the United States: associations with behavioral, sociodemographic, and environmental factors. , 2004, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[41]  M. Silva,et al.  Dor lombar crônica em uma população adulta do Sul do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados , 2004 .

[42]  K. Christensen,et al.  Back and Neck Pain Exhibit Many Common Features in Old Age: A Population-Based Study of 4,486 Danish Twins 70–102 Years of Age , 2004, Spine.

[43]  A. Goodship,et al.  Effect of Nicotine on Spinal Disc Cells: A Cellular Mechanism for Disc Degeneration , 2004, Spine.

[44]  J. Kopec,et al.  Predictors of Back Pain in a General Population Cohort , 2004, Spine.

[45]  Ingram Olkin,et al.  Adjusting for publication bias in the presence of heterogeneity , 2003, Statistics in medicine.

[46]  F. Omokhodion,et al.  Risk factors for low back pain among office workers in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. , 2003, Occupational medicine.

[47]  K. Christensen,et al.  Back pain remains a common symptom in old age. A population-based study of 4486 Danish twins aged 70–102 , 2003, European Spine Journal.

[48]  S. Virtanen,et al.  Back, neck, and shoulder pain in Finnish adolescents: national cross sectional surveys , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[49]  Kristian Tambs,et al.  A Prospective Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Disability Retirement Because of Back Pain in the General Working Population , 2002, Spine.

[50]  G. Kristjánsdóttir,et al.  Risk factors of back pain frequency in schoolchildren: a search for explanations to a public health problem , 2002, Acta paediatrica.

[51]  F. Tubach,et al.  Risk Factors for Sick Leave Due to Low Back Pain: A Prospective Study , 2002, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[52]  Brett Hanscom,et al.  Influence of Smoking on the Health Status of Spinal Patients: The National Spine Network Database , 2002, Spine.

[53]  D. Petitti,et al.  Approaches to heterogeneity in meta‐analysis , 2001, Statistics in medicine.

[54]  V. Kostova,et al.  Back disorders (low back pain, cervicobrachial and lumbosacral radicular syndromes) and some related risk factors , 2001, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[55]  C. Hertzman,et al.  Predictors of low back pain onset in a prospective British study. , 2001, American journal of public health.

[56]  L. Abenhaim,et al.  Risk factors for the development of low back pain in adolescence. , 2001, American journal of epidemiology.

[57]  Y. Uematsu,et al.  Effects of nicotine on the intervertebral disc: an experimental study in rabbits , 2001, Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association.

[58]  A Rimpelä,et al.  Neck or shoulder pain and low back pain in Finnish adolescents , 2000, Scandinavian journal of public health.

[59]  S Duval,et al.  Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel‐Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis , 2000, Biometrics.

[60]  M. Miyamoto,et al.  An epidemiologic study of occupational low back pain in truck drivers. , 2000, Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi.

[61]  N. Mayo,et al.  A Review of the Association Between Cigarette Smoking and the Development of Nonspecific Back Pain and Related Outcomes , 2000, Spine.

[62]  J. Mant,et al.  Oral contraception and other factors in relation to back disorders in women: findings in a large cohort study. , 1999, Contraception.

[63]  L. Abenhaim,et al.  Smoking. A risk factor for development of low back pain in adolescents. , 1999, Spine.

[64]  J. Alcouffe,et al.  Analysis by sex of low back pain among workers from small companies in the Paris area: severity and occupational consequences. , 1999, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[65]  H. Jonai,et al.  Association between musculoskeletal pain in Japanese construction workers and job, age, alcohol consumption, and smoking. , 1999, Industrial health.

[66]  G. Andersson.  Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain , 1999, The Lancet.

[67]  C. Leboeuf‐Yde,et al.  Smoking and low back pain. A systematic literature review of 41 journal articles reporting 47 epidemiologic studies. , 1999, Spine.

[68]  D Bruusgaard,et al.  Smoking, heavy physical work and low back pain: a four-year prospective study. , 1999, Occupational medicine.

[69]  M. Marmot,et al.  Are risk factors for atherothrombotic disease associated with back pain sickness absence? The Whitehall II Study. , 1999, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[70]  K. Kyvik,et al.  Low Back Pain and Lifestyle: Part I: Smoking. Information From a Population‐based Sample of 29,424 Twins , 1998, Spine.

[71]  E. Vartiainen,et al.  Trends of back pain in eastern Finland, 1972-1992, in relation to socioeconomic status and behavioral risk factors. , 1998, American journal of epidemiology.

[72]  G. Ejlertsson,et al.  Widespread musculoskeletal chronic pain associated with smoking. An epidemiological study in a general rural population. , 1998, Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[73]  M. Hammar,et al.  Is Hormone Replacement Therapy a Risk Factor for Low Back Pain Among Postmenopausal Women? , 1998, Spine.

[74]  J. Seidell,et al.  Impairment of health and quality of life in people with large waist circumference , 1998, The Lancet.

[75]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Quantitative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[76]  M. Law,et al.  A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: recognition of a major effect , 1997, BMJ.

[77]  G. Smith,et al.  Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test , 1997, BMJ.

[78]  D. Kiel,et al.  Disc Degeneration/Back Pain and Calcification of the Abdominal Aorta: A 25‐Year Follow‐Up Study in Framingham , 1997, Spine.

[79]  T Lauritzen,et al.  Why Has the Search for Causes of Low Back Pain Largely Been Nonconclusive? , 1997, Spine.

[80]  Hawker Ga.  The epidemiology of osteoporosis. , 1996 .

[81]  M. Hagberg,et al.  Occupational and individual factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms in five body regions among Swedish nursing personnel , 1996, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[82]  T. Skov,et al.  Psychosocial and physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulders, and lower back in salespeople. , 1996, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[83]  P. McGrath,et al.  Back pain and peripheral joint pain in an industrial setting. , 1996, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[84]  S. Brage,et al.  Musculoskeletal pain and smoking in Norway. , 1996, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[85]  T. Haines,et al.  Long-term back problems and physical work exposures in the 1990 Ontario Health Survey. , 1996, American journal of public health.

[86]  T. Lauritzen,et al.  Does smoking cause low back pain? Results from a population-based study. , 1996, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[87]  M. Heliövaara,et al.  Incidence and risk factors of low-back pain in middle-aged farmers. , 1995, Occupational medicine.

[88]  T Videman,et al.  The Long‐Term Effects of Physical Loading and Exercise Lifestyles on Back‐Related Symptoms, Disability, and Spinal Pathology Among Men , 1995, Spine.

[89]  L. Benevolenskaya,et al.  “Cross‐Sectional” Study of Low Back Pain Among Workers at an Industrial Enterprise in Russia , 1995, Spine.

[90]  M. Jayson,et al.  Influence of physical, psychological and behavioural factors on consultations for back pain. , 1995, British journal of rheumatology.

[91]  C. Begg,et al.  Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. , 1994, Biometrics.

[92]  H. Bergenudd,et al.  The Prevalence of Locomotor Complaints in Middle Age and Their Relationship to Health and Socioeconomic Factors , 1994, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[93]  A. Rigby,et al.  Socioeconomic influences on back problems in the community in Britain. , 1994, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[94]  U. Moritz,et al.  Low Back and Neck/Shoulder Pain in Construction Workers: Occupational Workload and Psychosocial Risk Factors , 1992, Spine.

[95]  A. Leclerc,et al.  Low-back pain in commercial travelers. , 1992, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[96]  A. Aromaa,et al.  Determinants of sciatica and low-back pain. , 1991, Spine.

[97]  D. Symmons,et al.  A longitudinal study of back pain and radiological changes in the lumbar spines of middle aged women. I. Clinical findings. , 1991, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[98]  H. Alaranta,et al.  Musculoskeletal symptoms of dentists assessed by a multidisciplinary approach. , 1991, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[99]  R A Deyo,et al.  Lifestyle and Low-Back Pain: The Influence of Smoking and Obesity , 1989, Spine.

[100]  D. Spengler,et al.  A Prospective Study of the Role of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Fitness in Industrial Back Pain Complaints , 1989, Spine.

[101]  FIN BIERING-SØRENSEN,et al.  Medical, Social and Occupational History As Risk Indicators for Low-Back Trouble in a General Population , 1986, Spine.

[102]  G B Andersson,et al.  Low‐Back Pain in Relation to Other Diseases and Cardiovascular Risk Factors , 1983, Spine.

[103]  J. Caro,et al.  A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. , 2008, The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society.

[104]  V. Mattila,et al.  Low back pain and its risk indicators: a survey of 7,040 Finnish male conscripts , 2007, European Spine Journal.

[105]  Kürşat Yurdakoş,et al.  Low back pain prevalence in Turkish pregnant women1 , 2006 .

[106]  P. Puska,et al.  Socioeconomic variation in back and joint pain in Finland , 2004, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[107]  M. Harreby,et al.  Epidemiological aspects and risk factors for low back pain in 38-year-old men and women: a 25-year prospective cohort study of 640 school children , 2004, European Spine Journal.

[108]  Shekelle Pg,et al.  Meta-regression Approaches: What, Why, When, and How? , 2004 .

[109]  M. C. Pathak,et al.  Low Back Pain among Textile Workers , 2003 .

[110]  S. Maier,et al.  The pain of being sick: implications of immune-to-brain communication for understanding pain. , 2000, Annual review of psychology.

[111]  Erik Larsen,et al.  Risk factors for low back pain in a cohort of 1389 Danish school children: an epidemiologic study , 1999, European Spine Journal.

[112]  F. Lert,et al.  Back pain and associated factors in French nurses , 1994, International archives of occupational and environmental health.