Reentry Programming for High-Risk Offenders

The mass increase in imprisonment of the last two decades has led to an increasing number of adults released from prison. Scholarly accounts of prisoner reentry have demonstrated that incarcerated individuals face barriers on release from prison and that intervention programs are necessary to assist their transition to the community. Here, we build from the insights of previous research by examining how high-risk offenders perceive a reentry program. Using a qualitative approach, our findings suggest that procedural and substantive justice affect their satisfaction and involvement with the program. This study highlights the importance of providing employment opportunities, social support, and fair and respectful delivery of services to assist incarcerated individuals transitioning to the community.

[1]  S. Venkatesh The Social Organization of Street Gang Activity in an Urban Ghetto , 1997, American Journal of Sociology.

[2]  N. Wikoff,et al.  A Description of the Self-Identified Needs, Service Expenditures, and Social Outcomes of Participants of a Prisoner-Reentry Program , 2011 .

[3]  Anselm L. Strauss,et al.  Qualitative Analysis For Social Scientists , 1987 .

[4]  E. Erosheva,et al.  MOTHERHOOD AND CRIMINAL DESISTANCE IN DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS , 2010 .

[5]  Christy A. Visher,et al.  Health and Prisoner Reentry: How Physical, Mental, and Substance Abuse Conditions Shape the Process of Reintegration , 2008 .

[6]  F. T. Cullen,et al.  Social support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential address to the academy of criminal justice sciences , 1994 .

[7]  T. Tyler,et al.  Why People Obey the Law , 2021 .

[8]  Austin Sarat,et al.  Studying American Legal Culture: An Assessment of Survey Evidence , 1977 .

[9]  Irwin Kantor,et al.  The Youth Gang Problem: A Community Approach , 1995 .

[10]  S. Decker,et al.  Going Home, Staying Home: Integrating Prison Gang Members into the Community , 2001 .

[11]  Thomas P. Lebel Invisible Stripes? Formerly Incarcerated Persons' Perceptions of Stigma , 2012 .

[12]  Jonathan D. Casper,et al.  Procedural justice in felony cases , 1988 .

[13]  P. Gendreau,et al.  A META‐ANALYSIS OF THE PREDICTORS OF ADULT OFFENDER RECIDIVISM: WHAT WORKS!* , 1996 .

[14]  Stephen D. Mastrofski,et al.  To Acquiesce or Rebel: Predicting Citizen Compliance with Police Requests , 1999 .

[15]  K. Charmaz,et al.  Constructing Grounded Theory , 2014 .

[16]  Jeff Manza,et al.  Citizenship, Democracy, and the Civic Reintegration of Criminal Offenders , 2006 .

[17]  S. Metraux,et al.  Homeless Shelter Use and Reincarceration Following Prison Release: Assessing the Risk , 2004 .

[18]  Shaun L. Gabbidon,et al.  The New “Peculiar Institution”: On the Prison as Surrogate Ghetto , 2013 .

[19]  Nicholas Corsaro,et al.  Attempting to reduce firearms violence through a Comprehensive Anti-Gang Initiative (CAGI): An evaluation of process and impact , 2013 .

[20]  J. Petersilia,et al.  When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry , 2009 .

[21]  Jeremy Travis,et al.  Comparing the Criminal Behavior of Youth Gangs and At-Risk Youths , 1998 .

[22]  T. Tyler,et al.  Shaping Citizen Perceptions of Police Legitimacy: A Randomized Field Trial of Procedural Justice , 2013 .

[23]  Suzanne O. Kaasa,et al.  Perceptions of procedural justice among female offenders: Time does not heal all wounds. , 2012 .

[24]  T. Orbuch,et al.  People's Accounts Count: The Sociology of Accounts , 1997 .

[25]  P. Langan,et al.  Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994 , 2002 .

[26]  Richard P. Seiter,et al.  Prisoner Reentry: What Works, What Does Not, and What Is Promising , 2003 .

[27]  Edmund F. McGarrell,et al.  Community Meetings as a Tool in Inmate Reentry , 2003 .

[28]  Tom R. Tyler,et al.  The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing , 2003 .

[29]  Gresham M. Sykes The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison , 2007 .

[30]  Sarah E. Carne The Economy at a Glance , 1993 .

[31]  Amy L. Solomon Outside the Walls: A National Snapshot of Community-Based Prisoner Reentry Programs , 2004 .

[32]  Loïc Wacquant The New `Peculiar Institution': , 2000 .

[33]  Rita C. Manning,et al.  Social justice in a diverse society , 1997 .

[34]  A. Piehl,et al.  Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and Youth Violence: An Evaluation of Boston's Operation Ceasefire , 2001 .

[35]  N. S. Hayner,et al.  The Prison As a Community , 1940 .

[36]  H. Toch,et al.  Prisoner Reentry and Crime in America: THE IMPACT OF IMPRISONMENT ON THE DESISTANCE PROCESS , 2005 .

[37]  Scott H. Decker,et al.  Legitimating drug use: A note on the impact of gang membership and drug sales on the use of illicit drugs , 2000 .

[38]  M. Mauer,et al.  Invisible punishment : the collateral consequences of mass imprisonment , 2002 .

[39]  Victor M. Rios Street Gang Patterns and Policies , 2009 .

[40]  A. Bottoms,et al.  Prisons and the problem of order , 1996 .

[41]  William G. Saylor,et al.  PREP: Training Inmates through Industrial Work Participation, and Vocational and Apprenticeship Instruction , 1997 .

[42]  M. Krohn,et al.  Gang Membership, Delinquent Peers, and Delinquent Behavior , 1998 .

[43]  P. Cook,et al.  Lessons from a partially controlled field trial , 2012 .

[44]  I. Spergel,et al.  Gang Suppression and Intervention: Community Models, Research Summary , 1994 .

[45]  C. Melde,et al.  On the Efficacy of Targeted Gang Interventions , 2011 .

[46]  Stephen A. Cernkovich,et al.  Gender, Crime, and Desistance: Toward a Theory of Cognitive Transformation1 , 2002, American Journal of Sociology.

[47]  T. Tyler,et al.  The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice , 1988 .

[48]  Yuen J. Huo,et al.  Trust in the Law , 2002 .

[49]  D. Rottman ADHERE TO PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM , 2007 .

[50]  G. Vaillant Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70 , 2005 .

[51]  Beth M. Huebner,et al.  GANGS, GUNS, AND DRUGS: RECIDIVISM AMONG SERIOUS, YOUNG OFFENDERS* , 2007 .

[52]  John Hagan,et al.  Reclaiming Justice: The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and Local Courts , 2011 .

[53]  Scott H. Decker,et al.  Breaking the bonds of membership: Leaving the gang. , 1996 .

[54]  Bruce Western,et al.  The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality , 2002, American Sociological Review.

[55]  M. Morash Women on Probation and Parole: A Feminist Critique of Community Programs and Services , 2010 .

[56]  D. Pager The Mark of a Criminal Record1 , 2003, American Journal of Sociology.

[57]  David Huizinga,et al.  GANGS, DRUGS, AND DELINQUENCY IN A SURVEY OF URBAN YOUTH* , 1993 .

[58]  Paul Gendreau,et al.  An Intensive Supervision Program That Worked: Service Delivery, Professional Orientation, and Organizational Supportiveness , 2005 .

[59]  Christopher Uggen,et al.  Work as a Turning Point in the Life Course of Criminals: A Duration Model of Age, Employment, and Recidivism , 2000, American Sociological Review.

[60]  A. J. Shinkfield,et al.  Corrections education and employment assistance ‘down under’: current and emerging practices and paradigms , 2014 .

[61]  Jennifer Cobbina From prison to home: Women's pathways in and out of crime , 2009 .

[62]  Jeffrey R. Kling,et al.  The Labor Market Consequences of Incarceration , 2001 .

[63]  David M. Hureau,et al.  Controlling Violent Offenders Released to the Community: An Evaluation of the Boston Reentry Initiative , 2009 .

[64]  Jennifer Cobbina Reintegration Success and Failure: Factors Impacting Reintegration Among Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Women , 2010 .

[65]  G. Leventhal What Should Be Done with Equity Theory , 1980 .

[66]  C. Kruttschnitt,et al.  Women's Imprisonment , 2003, Crime and Justice.

[67]  Scott H. Decker,et al.  Disengagement from Gangs as Role Transitions , 2014 .

[68]  J. Travis But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry , 2005 .

[69]  G. Leventhal What Should Be Done with Equity Theory? New Approaches to the Study of Fairness in Social Relationships. , 1976 .

[70]  J. Thibaut,et al.  Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis , 1976 .

[71]  J. Travis Invisible Punishment: An Instrument of Social Exclusion , 2002 .

[72]  Tiggey May,et al.  Building bridges to employment for prisoners , 2001 .

[73]  Lawrence W. Sherman,et al.  Defiance, Deterrence, and Irrelevance: A Theory of the Criminal Sanction , 1993 .

[74]  A. Strauss,et al.  The Discovery of Grounded Theory , 1967 .

[75]  J. Howell,et al.  Youth Gang Drug Trafficking , 1999 .