Wavelength‐Dependent Stiffening of Hydrogel Matrices via Redshifted [2+2] Photocycloadditions

Hydrogels with on‐demand tunable mechanical properties within sensitive biological environments are of critical importance for examining cellular responses to cell culture platforms. Herein, the first bio‐orthogonal hydrogel that can be formed and subsequently tuned in its mechanical properties by simply switching different wavelengths of visible light (i.e., 455 and 420 nm) is reported. Specifically, both the initial hydrogelation and the tuning of the mechanical properties can be fully decoupled and selectively initiated by different colors of light. Sparing the need for any catalysts, the development of such a dual wavelength selective hydrogel for biological applications spans four levels: First, the development of the until today most redshifted photocycloaddition to allow for the selective initiation of only one photoreaction; second, the investigation of its wavelength‐dependent ligation efficiency; third, translation of the ligation chemistry into a hydrogelator, and fourth, establishing a biocompatible hydrogel platform for applications in biomaterials engineering including detachment of fibroblasts from 2D culture areas or primary 3D culture of human mesenchymal stem cells. The introduced platform technology enables the fabrication of a hydrogel of predefined mechanical properties exclusively with visible light.

[1]  Yijun Zheng,et al.  4D hydrogel for dynamic cell culture with orthogonal, wavelength-dependent mechanical and biochemical cues , 2020 .

[2]  Alan C. Spivey,et al.  Spatial and temporal control of chemical processes , 2019, Nature Reviews Chemistry.

[3]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  Light-Stabilised Dynamic Materials. , 2019, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[4]  L. Leinwand,et al.  PEG-Anthracene Hydrogels as an On-Demand Stiffening Matrix To Study Mechanobiology. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[5]  H. Asanuma,et al.  8-Pyrenylvinyl Adenine Controls Reversible Duplex Formation between Serinol Nucleic Acid and RNA by [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. , 2019, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[6]  Oliver S. Thomas,et al.  Phytochrome‐Based Extracellular Matrix with Reversibly Tunable Mechanical Properties , 2019, Advanced materials.

[7]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  Photochemistry in Confined Environments for Single-Chain Nanoparticle Design. , 2018, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[8]  C. Hawker,et al.  Solution Mask Liquid Lithography (SMaLL) for One‐Step, Multimaterial 3D Printing , 2018, Advanced materials.

[9]  C. R. Becer,et al.  Visible Light [2 + 2] Cycloadditions for Reversible Polymer Ligation , 2018 .

[10]  F. Ercole,et al.  Wavelength-Selective Coupling and Decoupling of Polymer Chains via Reversible [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition of Styrylpyrene for Construction of Cytocompatible Photodynamic Hydrogels. , 2018, ACS macro letters.

[11]  M. Wegener,et al.  Spatially resolved coding of λ-orthogonal hydrogels by laser lithography. , 2018, Chemical communications.

[12]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  Wavelength-Gated Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. , 2018, Angewandte Chemie.

[13]  K. Anseth,et al.  Reversible Control of Network Properties in Azobenzene-Containing Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels. , 2018, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[14]  F. Ercole,et al.  Visible-light-mediated cleavage of polymer chains under physiological conditions via quinone photoreduction and trimethyl lock. , 2017, Chemical communications.

[15]  P. Xiao,et al.  Light-induced release of molecules from polymers , 2017 .

[16]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  Wavelength Dependence of Light-Induced Cycloadditions. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  Kei Saito,et al.  Light triggered self-healing of polyacrylate polymers crosslinked with 7-methacryloyoxycoumarin crosslinker , 2017 .

[18]  K. Anseth,et al.  Hydrogels with Reversible Mechanics to Probe Dynamic Cell Microenvironments. , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[19]  Weixian Xi,et al.  Wavelength-Selective Sequential Polymer Network Formation Controlled with a Two-Color Responsive Initiation System. , 2017, Macromolecules.

[20]  V. Truong,et al.  Versatile Bioorthogonal Hydrogel Platform by Catalyst-Free Visible Light Initiated Photodimerization of Anthracene. , 2017, ACS macro letters.

[21]  Bryan T. Tuten,et al.  Pyreneacyl sulfides as a visible light-induced versatile ligation platform. , 2017, Chemical communications.

[22]  M. Wegener,et al.  Photochemically Driven Polymeric Network Formation: Synthesis and Applications , 2017, Advanced materials.

[23]  M. Shoichet,et al.  Engineering Cellular Microenvironments with Photo- and Enzymatically Responsive Hydrogels: Toward Biomimetic 3D Cell Culture Models. , 2017, Accounts of chemical research.

[24]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  Wavelength-Dependent Photochemistry of Oxime Ester Photoinitiators , 2017 .

[25]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  Light-driven reversible surface functionalization with anthracenes: visible light writing and mild UV erasing. , 2017, Chemical communications.

[26]  A. Heckel,et al.  Three-Dimensional Control of DNA Hybridization by Orthogonal Two-Color Two-Photon Uncaging. , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[27]  K. Anseth,et al.  Spatially patterned matrix elasticity directs stem cell fate , 2016, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[28]  H. Asanuma,et al.  Visible-Light-Triggered Cross-Linking of DNA Duplexes by Reversible [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Styrylpyrene. , 2016, Chemistry.

[29]  B. Feringa,et al.  Orthogonal photoswitching in a multifunctional molecular system , 2016, Nature Communications.

[30]  Tatsuya Osaki,et al.  Engineering thick cell sheets by electrochemical desorption of oligopeptides on membrane substrates , 2016, Regenerative therapy.

[31]  Brian D Cosgrove,et al.  Stiffening hydrogels for investigating the dynamics of hepatic stellate cell mechanotransduction during myofibroblast activation , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[32]  Mahesh Pattabiraman,et al.  γ-Cyclodextrin mediated photo-heterodimerization between cinnamic acids and coumarins , 2015 .

[33]  Kristi S. Anseth,et al.  Coumarin-Based Photodegradable Hydrogel: Design, Synthesis, Gelation, and Degradation Kinetics. , 2014, ACS macro letters.

[34]  Kei Saito,et al.  Photo-reversible dimerisation reactions and their applications in polymeric systems , 2014 .

[35]  Kenzo Fujimoto,et al.  Details of the ultrafast DNA photo-cross-linking reaction of 3-cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside: cis-trans isomeric effect and the application for SNP-based genotyping. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  G. Ellis‐Davies,et al.  Spectral evolution of a photochemical protecting group for orthogonal two-color uncaging with visible light. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[37]  Florian D Jochum,et al.  Temperature- and light-responsive smart polymer materials. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[38]  Murat Guvendiren,et al.  Stiffening hydrogels to probe short- and long-term cellular responses to dynamic mechanics , 2012, Nature Communications.

[39]  N. Hampp,et al.  Selective [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition in Methacrylic Stilbene Polymers without Interference from E/Z-Isomerization , 2011 .

[40]  A. Heckel,et al.  A light trigger for DNA nanotechnology. , 2011, Small.

[41]  Heather Sheardown,et al.  Generic, anthracene-based hydrogel crosslinkers for photo-controllable drug delivery. , 2011, Macromolecular bioscience.

[42]  J. Sivaguru,et al.  Supramolecular photocatalysis by confinement--photodimerization of coumarins within cucurbit[8]urils. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[43]  Wim E Hennink,et al.  The effect of photopolymerization on stem cells embedded in hydrogels. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[44]  Teruo Okano,et al.  [Cell sheet engineering]. , 2004, Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology.

[45]  Leon P. Bignold,et al.  Cancer : cell structures, carcinogens and genomic instability , 2006 .

[46]  M. Davies,et al.  Actions of ultraviolet light on cellular structures. , 2006, EXS.

[47]  Paul N Manson,et al.  Variable cytocompatibility of six cell lines with photoinitiators used for polymerizing hydrogels and cell encapsulation. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[48]  N. Takahashi,et al.  Template-Directed Photoreversible Ligation of Deoxyoligonucleotides via 5-Vinyldeoxyuridine , 2000 .

[49]  J. N. Moorthy,et al.  Stereoselective Photodimerization of (E)-Stilbenes in Crystalline gamma-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. , 1999, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[50]  F. Lewis,et al.  Lewis acid catalysis of photochemical reactions. 8. Photodimerization and cross-cycloaddition of coumarin , 1989 .

[51]  N. P. Kovalenko,et al.  Some peculiarities of diarylethylenes with 3-pyrenyl fragments , 1980 .