Effects of stress inoculation training on athletes' postsurgical pain and rehabilitation after orthopedic injury.

The efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention (stress inoculation training; SIT) for postsurgical anxiety, pain, and physical rehabilitation in injured athletes was tested. Sixty male athletes who underwent arthroscopic surgery for miniscus injury in 1 knee were randomly assigned to either treatment (SIT and physical therapy) or control (physical therapy only) conditions. Results showed that participants in the treatment group demonstrated significantly less postsurgical pain and anxiety during the rehabilitation process, compared with controls. Additionally, treated participants required fewer days to return to criterion physical functioning, compared with nontreated participants.

[1]  E M Altmaier,et al.  Stress inoculation training with cancer patients , 1981, Cancer nursing.

[2]  W. D. Eldridge,et al.  The importance of psychotherapy for athletic-related orthopedic injuries among adults. , 1983, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[3]  Brewer BrittonW.,et al.  Role of the sport psychologist in treating injured athletes: A survey of sports medicine providers , 1991 .

[4]  John Heil,et al.  Psychology Of Sport Injury , 1993 .

[5]  B. Brewer.  Review and critique of models of psychological adjustment to athletic injury , 1994 .

[6]  P. Fowler,et al.  Frequency and predictability of sports injuries in intercollegiate athletes. , 1988, Canadian journal of sport sciences = Journal canadien des sciences du sport.

[7]  Robert N. Singer,et al.  Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology , 1993 .

[8]  D. Gill.  Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 1987 .

[9]  J. Duda,et al.  Predictors of Adherence in the Rehabilitation of Athletic Injuries: An Application of Personal Investment Theory , 1989 .

[10]  L. Green.  The Use of Imagery in the Rehabilitation of Injured Athletes , 1992 .

[11]  J. Hofkosh,et al.  A study of isokinetic exercise. , 1969, Physical therapy.

[12]  E. Kübler-Ross,et al.  On death and dying. , 1972, JAMA.

[13]  L. Hartman,et al.  Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain: Preliminary Empirical Findings * , 1980, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[14]  Mind Over Muscle: Returning the Injured Athlete to Play , 1987 .

[15]  P. Wall,et al.  Pain mechanisms: a new theory. , 1965, Science.

[16]  M. Leary,et al.  Matching stress inoculation's treatment components to client's anxiety mode. , 1982 .

[17]  F. Keefe.  Behavioral assessment of chronic pain , 1987, PAIN.

[18]  F. Keefe,et al.  Behavioral approaches in the multidisciplinary management of chronic pain: Programs and issues☆ , 1986 .

[19]  Siang-Yang Tan,et al.  Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral methods for pain control: A selective review , 1982, Pain.

[20]  Windy Dryden,et al.  Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change , 1987, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[21]  J M Rothstein,et al.  Clinical uses of isokinetic measurements. Critical issues. , 1987, Physical therapy.

[22]  Fisher Ac,et al.  Adherence to Sports-Injury Rehabilitation Programs , 1988 .

[23]  J. Kraus,et al.  Mortality and morbidity from injuries in sports and recreation. , 1984, Annual review of public health.

[24]  C. Spielberger,et al.  Stress and Anxiety , 1981 .

[25]  C. Spielberger,et al.  STAI manual for the State-trait anxiety inventory ("self-evaluation questionnaire") , 1970 .

[26]  S. Folkman,et al.  Stress, appraisal, and coping , 1974 .

[27]  D. Turk,et al.  Pain and Behavioral Medicine: A Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective , 1983 .

[28]  Astle Sj.  The experience of loss in athletes. , 1986 .

[29]  Charles J. Hardy,et al.  Affective Response Patterns of the Injured Athlete: An Exploratory Analysis , 1990 .

[30]  J. M. Rothstein.  Measurement in physical therapy , 1985 .

[31]  J. Singer,et al.  Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. , 1962 .

[32]  G. Howard,et al.  Presurgical anxiety and postsurgical pain and adjustment: effects of a stress inoculation procedure. , 1986, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[33]  G. Lynch.  Athletic Injuries and the Practicing Sport Psychologist: Practical Guidelines for Assisting Athletes , 1988 .

[34]  M. E. Jaremko.  The use of stress inoculation training in the reduction of public speaking anxiety. , 1980, Journal of clinical psychology.

[35]  F. Keefe.  Assessment strategies in behavioral medicine , 1979 .

[36]  E. Levitt,et al.  The Psychological effects of sports injuries , 1991 .

[37]  T. Orlick,et al.  Mental Links to Enhanced Healing: An Exploratory Study , 1991 .

[38]  M. Weiss,et al.  Sport Psychology in the Training Room: A Survey of Athletic Trainers , 1991 .

[39]  Jean M. Williams,et al.  A Model of Stress and Athletic Injury: Prediction and Prevention , 1988 .

[40]  D. Meichenbaum.  Stress inoculation training , 1985 .

[41]  W. Booth.  Arthritis institute tackles sports. , 1987, Science.