Anti‐BCMA CAR T‐Cell Therapy bb2121 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggest that bb2121, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy that targets B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA), has potential for the treatment of multiple myeloma. METHODS In this phase 1 study involving patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, we administered bb2121 as a single infusion at doses of 50×106, 150×106, 450×106, or 800×106 CAR‐positive (CAR+) T cells in the dose‐escalation phase and 150×106 to 450×106 CAR+ T cells in the expansion phase. Patients had received at least three previous lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory agent, or were refractory to both drug classes. The primary end point was safety. RESULTS Results for the first 33 consecutive patients who received a bb2121 infusion are reported. The data‐cutoff date was 6.2 months after the last infusion date. Hematologic toxic effects were the most common events of grade 3 or higher, including neutropenia (in 85% of the patients), leukopenia (in 58%), anemia (in 45%), and thrombocytopenia (in 45%). A total of 25 patients (76%) had cytokine release syndrome, which was of grade 1 or 2 in 23 patients (70%) and grade 3 in 2 patients (6%). Neurologic toxic effects occurred in 14 patients (42%) and were of grade 1 or 2 in 13 patients (39%). One patient (3%) had a reversible grade 4 neurologic toxic effect. The objective response rate was 85%, including 15 patients (45%) with complete responses. Six of the 15 patients who had a complete response have had a relapse. The median progression‐free survival was 11.8 months (95% confidence interval, 6.2 to 17.8). All 16 patients who had a response (partial response or better) and who could be evaluated for minimal residual disease (MRD) had MRD‐negative status (≤10‐4 nucleated cells). CAR T‐cell expansion was associated with responses, and CAR T cells persisted up to 1 year after the infusion. CONCLUSIONS We report the initial toxicity profile of a BCMA‐directed cellular immunotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Antitumor activity was documented. (Funded by Bluebird Bio and Celgene; CRB‐401 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02658929.)