Integrated Biorefinery Approach for the Valorization of Olive Mill Waste Streams Towards Sustainable Biofuels and Bio-Based Products

Olive oil extraction and refining process generate large amounts of by-products that represent a huge environmental concern, especially for countries located within the Mediterranean region, because of their phytotoxicity against soil and aquatic environments. Their valorization is considered challenging due to their high organic content, complexity, and the presence of phenolic compounds that inhibit their biodegradation. In order to minimize their environmental impact, many research groups within the last decades have been focusing on exploring and suggesting strategies regarding their physicochemical and microbiological treatment. According to various reports, the potential of olive mill wastewater to be converted to sustainable resources of biofuels and bio-based products has been demonstrated. In the present chapter, the most significant advances concerning a variety of promising valorization scenarios have been reviewed.

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