Modelling Rarefied Hypersonic Reactive Flows Using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method

This paper presents the implementation, validation and application of TCE (total collision energy) model for simulating hypersonic reactive flows in a parallel direct simulation Monte Carlo code, named PDSC++, using an unstructured grid. A series of benchmarking test cases, which include reproduction of theoretical rate constants in a single cell, 2D hypersonic flow past a cylinder and 2D-axisymmetric hypersonic flow past a sphere, were performed to validate the implementation. Finally, detailed aerothermodynamics of the flown reentry Apollo 6 Command Module at 105 km is simulated to demonstrate the powerful capability of the PDSC++ in treating realistic hypersonic reactive flow at high altitude. AMS subject classifications: 76P05

[1]  Roger C. Millikan,et al.  Systematics of Vibrational Relaxation , 1963 .

[2]  G. Eitelberg,et al.  First Results of Calibration and use of the HEG , 1994 .

[3]  G. A. Bird,et al.  A Comparison of Collision Energy‐based and Temperature‐based Procedures in DSMC , 2009 .

[4]  Christopher E. Glass,et al.  DSMC Simulations of Apollo Capsule Aerodynamics for Hypersonic Rarefied Conditions , 2006 .

[5]  Michael Holden.  Recent advances in hypersonic test facilities and experimental research , 1993 .

[6]  Jong-Shinn Wu,et al.  Parallel DSMC method using dynamic domain decomposition , 2005 .

[7]  Jong-Shinn Wu,et al.  Parallel three-dimensional DSMC method using mesh refinement and variable time-step scheme , 2004, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[8]  Iain D. Boyd.  Vectorization of a Monte Carlo simulation scheme for nonequilibrium gas dynamics , 1991 .

[9]  Forrest E. Lumpkin,et al.  Application highlights of the DSMC Analysis Code (DAC) software for simulating rarefied flows , 2001 .

[10]  G. Eitelberg,et al.  The high enthalpy shock tunnel in Göttingen (HEG) , 1992 .

[11]  Jeffrey D. Mcdonald,et al.  Validation of Chemistry Models Employed in a Particle Simulation Method , 1991 .

[12]  Iain D. Boyd,et al.  Strategies for Efficient Particle Resolution in the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method , 2000 .

[13]  W. Steckelmacher.  Molecular gas dynamics and the direct simulation of gas flows , 1996 .

[14]  Richard G. Wilmoth,et al.  Aerothermodynamics of a 1.6-meter-diameter sphere in hypersonic rarefied flow , 1991 .

[15]  T. Teichmann,et al.  Introduction to physical gas dynamics , 1965 .

[16]  W. Wagner.  A convergence proof for Bird's direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the Boltzmann equation , 1992 .

[17]  J.M.A. Longo,et al.  The sharp edge flight experiment SHEFEX , 2002 .

[18]  Daniel J. Rader,et al.  Accuracy and Convergence of a New DSMC Algorithm. , 2008 .

[19]  Claus Borgnakke,et al.  Statistical collision model for Monte Carlo simulation of polyatomic gas mixture , 1975 .

[20]  Graeme A. Bird,et al.  The DS2V/3V Program Suite for DSMC Calculations , 2005 .

[21]  Harald Ottens,et al.  Aerothermodynamic Reentry Flight Experiments - EXPERT , 2005 .

[22]  T. C. Kuo,et al.  Implementation of a transient adaptive sub-cell module for the parallel-DSMC code using unstructured grids , 2010 .

[23]  J. Wu,et al.  Parallel three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo method and its applications , 2003 .

[24]  Iain D. Boyd,et al.  Simulations of Re-Entry Vehicles by Using DSMC with Chemical-Reaction Module , 2006 .

[25]  Iain D. Boyd.  Analysis of vibration‐dissociation‐recombination processes behind strong shock waves of nitrogen , 1992 .

[26]  J. Watts,et al.  Parallel DSMC strategies for 3D computations , 1996, Parallel CFD.