Low serum albumin levels and high neutrophil counts are predictive of a poorer prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer

Breast cancer is a severe disease with high incidence and mortality rates in menopausal women. Previous studies have shown that nutritional status and inflammation play a significant role in the development of breast cancer. However, whether serum albumin (ALB) and neutrophils (NE) accelerate the progression of this disease remains unclear. In the present study, a total of 94 cases of newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer were assessed. For analysis, 26 risk factors including ALB and NE were assessed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was then used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for continuous and categorical covariates. Compared with the control group, patients with disease progression, low levels of ALB, higher NE, counts, and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio counts were associated with worse overall survival (OS). When these risk factors were fitted into a multivariate regression model, progression [P<0.001, HR=3.03 (1.62-5.66)], NE counts ≥3.370×109 [P=0.004, HR=2.15 (1.27-3.65)] and ALB levels <43.275 g/l [P=0.008, HR=0.47 (0.27-0.82)] remained statistically significant factors for a worse OS. These independently associated risk factors were used to form an OS estimation nomogram. The constructed nomogram demonstrated good accuracy in estimating risk, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.686. We further collected data on 30 patients for external validation and found the nomogram had an accuracy of 83.3%. In conclusion, low serum ALB levels and increased NE counts were predictive of a poorer prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Nomograms based on the multivariate analysis showed a good predictive ability for estimating the risk of OS.