A guided-wave optical electric field sensor with improved temperature stability

This paper reports on the study of an electric field sensor based on the Y-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide which has slight temperature dependence. The errors in the electric field measurements due to temperature variations were theoretically studied and the increase in the error with a temperature change of 100 K has been proven to be extremely low, 2.5%. As a technology to achieve high temperature stability, we adopted a new method of attaching optical fibers to a waveguide and a method of suppressing the pyroelectric effect by depositing (ITO) In/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SnO/sub 3/ films onto the Z-faces. The temperature dependence of the fabricated sensor was measured and it was found that the measurement errors in a broad temperature range from -30 to 90/spl deg/C was /spl plusmn/7% or less.

[1]  H. Miyazawa,et al.  A broadband Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator with a ridge structure , 1995 .

[2]  N. Kuwabara,et al.  Development and analysis of electric field sensor using LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator , 1992 .

[3]  Leon McCaughan,et al.  Permanent attachment of single-mode fiber arrays to waveguides , 1985 .

[4]  M. Kanoe,et al.  Optical Voltage and Current Measuring System for Electric Power Systems , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[5]  M. D. Feit,et al.  Computation of mode eigenfunctions in graded-index optical fibers by the propagating beam method. , 1980, Applied optics.

[6]  H. Nakajima,et al.  Practical method of waveguide-to-fiber connection: direct preparation of waveguide endface by cutting machine and reinforcement using ruby beads. , 1990, Applied optics.

[7]  S. Miyamoto,et al.  Development of Fiber-Optic Voltage Sensors and Magnetic-Field Sensors , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[8]  H. Fujio,et al.  Radiowave signal detection system using electrooptic modulator , 1996, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics. MWP '96 Technical Digest. Satellite Workshop (Cat. No.96TH8153).

[9]  T. Sawa,et al.  Development of optical instrument transformers , 1990 .

[10]  R. P. Edwin,et al.  Refractive indices of lithium niobate , 1976 .

[11]  M. Feit,et al.  Light propagation in graded-index optical fibers. , 1978, Applied optics.

[12]  Nicolas A. F. Jaeger,et al.  Bias of integrated optics Pockels cell high-voltage sensors , 1994, Other Conferences.

[13]  Tsugio Sato,et al.  Fabrication techniques and characteristics of Al-SiO/sub 2/ laminated optical polarizers , 1993 .

[14]  Kunihiko Hidaka,et al.  New Optical-Waveguide Pockels Sensor for Measuring Electric Fields. , 1996 .

[15]  J. D. Zook,et al.  TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE AND MODEL OF THE ELECTRO‐OPTIC EFFECT IN LiNbO3 , 1967 .

[16]  William K. Burns,et al.  Pyroelectric effects in LiNbO3 channel-waveguide devices , 1986 .

[17]  Nicolas A. F. Jaeger,et al.  Integrated optics Pockels cell high-voltage sensor , 1995 .

[18]  Hiroshi Haga,et al.  LiNbO 3 traveling-wave light modulator/switch with an etched groove , 1986 .