Cluster based and Adaptive Power Controlled Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have been considered as an emerging and promising method for exploring and monitoring deep ocean. The UWSNs face many challenges such as noise, high transmission delays, high deployment cost, movement of nodes, energy constraints, etc. In UWSNs nodes are sparsely and unevenly deployed, that may results in void hole occurrence. Secondly low propagation speed in UWSNs causes high end-to-end delay and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose two schemes: Adaptive Transmission Range in WDFAD-DBR (ATR-WDFAD-DBR) and Cluster Based WDFAD-DBR (CBWDFAD-DBR). In aforesaid scheme to reduce the probability of void hole this scheme adjusts its transmission range when it finds a void node and then continues to forward data towards the sink. In later, to minimize end-to-end delay and energy consumption network is divided into clusters. Simulation results show that our schemes outperform compared with baseline solution in terms of average Packet Delivery Ration (PDR), average energy tax, end-to-end delay and Accumulated Propagation Distance (APD).