Root Cultures of Linum Species Section Syllinum as Rich Sources of 6-Methoxypodophyllotoxin

Linum spp. from section Syllinum are promising for the production of aryltetralin lignans like podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin (MPTOX). MPTOX is a PTOX congener that has cytotoxic activity comparable with PTOX. In this study root cultures of Linum Bungei from section Dasyllinum, L. strictum from section Linastrum, L. album, L. mucronatum ssp. mucronatum and L. nodiflorum from section Syllinum were established and their MPTOX levels were investigated in 1000 ml flasks. Root cultures of L. mucronatum ssp. mucronatum and L. nodiflorum were used to examine cell growth and production of MPTOX during a culture period of 36 days in 250 ml flasks. Considerable amounts of MPTOX in root cultures (1000 ml flasks) of L. album (6 mg/100 g DW), L. mucronatum ssp. mucronatum (770 mg/100 g DW) and L. nodiflorum (91 mg/100 g DW) were detected while it wasn’t detected in root cultures of L. Bungei and L. strictum. In time course experiments, the maximum amount of MPTOX in L. nodiflorum root culture was at day 16 with 480 mg/ 100 g DW and the maximum amount of MPTOX in L. mucronatum ssp. mucronatum root culture was at day 12 with 130 mg/100 g DW. The results showed that root cultures of Linum species from section Syllinum are rich sources of MPTOX and since this lignan has remarkable cytotoxic activity, it can be used as a precursor for the production of antitumor agents.

[1]  M. Wink,et al.  Sustainable bioproduction of phytochemicals by plant in vitro cultures: anticancer agents , 2005, Plant Genetic Resources.

[2]  A. Mohagheghzadeh,et al.  Linum mucronatum: Organ to Organ Lignan Variations , 2005, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences.

[3]  B. Konuklugil,et al.  Accumulation of Lignans in Suspension Cultures of Linum mucronatum ssp. armenum (Bordz.) Davis , 2001, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences.

[4]  A. Vitali,et al.  Aryltetralin lignans: chemistry, pharmacology and biotransformations. , 2001, Current medicinal chemistry.

[5]  M. Petersen,et al.  The use of plant cell cultures for the production of podophyllotoxin and related lignans , 2000 .

[6]  G. P. Moss.  Nomenclature of Lignans and Neolignans (IUPAC Recommendations 2000) , 2000 .

[7]  B. Konuklugil,et al.  Accumulation of Aryltetralin Lactone Lignans in Cell Suspension Cultures of Linum nodiflorum , 1999, Planta medica.

[8]  H. Wichers,et al.  Accumulation of podophyllotoxin and related lignans in cell suspension cultures of Linum album , 1998 .

[9]  J. Mol,et al.  Establishment of hairy root cultures of Linum flavum producing the lignan 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin , 1993, Plant Cell Reports.

[10]  N. Pras,et al.  Improvement of the production of 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin using a new selected root culture of Linum flavum L. , 1991, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.

[11]  H. Wichers,et al.  Occurrence of 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin in plants, cell cultures and regenerated plants of Linum flavum , 1990, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.

[12]  V. Wray,et al.  On the podophyllotoxins of root cultures of Linum flavum. , 1988, Planta medica.

[13]  V. Wray,et al.  Formation of beta-peltatin-A methyl ether and coniferin by root cultures of Linum flavum. , 1986, Journal of natural products.

[14]  R. Miller,et al.  Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. , 1968, Experimental cell research.

[15]  S. Hemmati,et al.  QUANTIFICATION OF ARYLTETRALIN LIGNANS IN LINUM ALBUM ORGANS AND IN VITRO CULTURES , 2006 .

[16]  I. Ionkova,et al.  Cytotoxic activity of extracts from Linum cell cultures. , 2005, Fitoterapia.

[17]  M. Heinrich,et al.  Cytotoxic activity of a podophyllotoxin-like lignan from Linum tauricum Willd. , 2005, Neoplasma.

[18]  M. Petersen,et al.  Aspects of cytotoxic lignan biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Linum nodiflorum , 2004, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[19]  E. Fuss.  Lignans in plant cell and organ cultures: An overview , 2004, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[20]  K. Lee,et al.  Lignans in treatment of cancer and other diseases† , 2004, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[21]  A. Mohagheghzadeh,et al.  Linum persicum: Lignans and placement in Linaceae† , 2004, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[22]  J. Janick,et al.  The American Mayapple and its Potential for Podophyllotoxin Production , 2002 .

[23]  A. Mohagheghzadeh,et al.  Arylnaphthalene lignans from in vitro cultures of Linum austriacum. , 2002, Journal of natural products.

[24]  V. Mozaffarian,et al.  A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names , 1996 .

[25]  H. J. Woerdenbag,et al.  Isolation, purification, and cytotoxicity of 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin, a lignan from a root culture of Linum flavum. , 1992, Journal of natural products.

[26]  M. Gordaliza,et al.  Lignans from Juniperus sabina , 1990 .

[27]  P. Dewick,et al.  Aryltetralin lignans from Linum flavum and Linum capitatum. , 1990 .

[28]  F. Skoog,et al.  A revised medium for the growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture , 1962 .