Android Robot-Mediated Mock Job Interview Sessions for Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study

The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an android robot-mediated mock job interview training in terms of both bolstering self-confidence and reducing biological levels of stress in comparison to a psycho-educational approach human interview was assessed in a randomized study. Young adults (ages 18–25 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were randomized to participate either in a mock job interview training with our android robot system (n = 7) or a self-paced review of materials about job-interviewing skills (n = 8). Baseline and outcome measurements of self-reported performance/efficacy and salivary cortisol were obtained after a mock job interview with a human interviewer. After training sessions, individuals with ASD participating in the android robot-mediated sessions reported marginally improved self-confidence and demonstrated significantly lower levels of salivary cortisol as compared to the control condition. These results provide preliminary support for the feasibility and efficacy of android robot-mediated learning.

[1]  C. Baird,et al.  The pilot study. , 2000, Orthopedic nursing.

[2]  Yoko Kamio,et al.  Validation of an Interview-Based Rating Scale Developed in Japan for Pervasive Developmental Disorders. , 2012 .

[3]  Shuichi Nishio,et al.  Teleoperated Android Robot as Emotion Regulation Media , 2013, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[4]  J. Taylor,et al.  Virtual Reality Job Interview Training in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder , 2014, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

[5]  Mary Wagner,et al.  Postsecondary Education and Employment Among Youth With an Autism Spectrum Disorder , 2012, Pediatrics.

[6]  C. Coles,et al.  JobTIPS: A Transition to Employment Program for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders , 2013, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

[7]  O. Franco,et al.  Cross-cultural comparison , 2018 .

[8]  B. Corbett,et al.  Changes in anxiety following a randomized control trial of a theatre-based intervention for youth with autism spectrum disorder , 2017, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[9]  L. Humm,et al.  Brief Report: Vocational Outcomes for Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders at Six Months After Virtual Reality Job Interview Training , 2015, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[10]  S. Baron-Cohen,et al.  Defining the broader, medium and narrow autism phenotype among parents using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) , 2010, Molecular autism.

[11]  J. Angst,et al.  Social phobia. , 1995, European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience.

[12]  I. Moilanen,et al.  Multi-informant reports of psychiatric symptoms among high-functioning adolescents with Asperger syndrome or autism , 2009, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[13]  Examining associations between anxiety and cortisol in high functioning male children with autism , 2013, Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

[14]  B. Corbett,et al.  Comparing biobehavioral profiles across two social stress paradigms in children with and without autism spectrum disorders , 2012, Molecular Autism.

[15]  Akio Wakabayashi,et al.  The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children’s Version in Japan: A Cross-Cultural Comparison , 2007, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[16]  M. Seltzer,et al.  Employment and Post-Secondary Educational Activities for Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders During the Transition to Adulthood , 2011, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[17]  Hiroshi Ishiguro,et al.  Development of an android robot for psychological support in medical and welfare fields , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics.

[18]  B. Corbett,et al.  Biobehavioral profiles of arousal and social motivation in autism spectrum disorders. , 2014, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[19]  Ellen Leibenluft,et al.  Irritability in boys with autism spectrum disorders: an investigation of physiological reactivity , 2015, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[20]  Cheryl Tay,et al.  Personality, biographical characteristics, and job interview success: a longitudinal study of the mediating effects of interviewing self-efficacy and the moderating effects of internal locus of causality. , 2006, The Journal of applied psychology.

[21]  Carol Schall,et al.  Employment for adults with autism spectrum disorders: A retrospective review of a customized employment approach. , 2016, Research in developmental disabilities.

[22]  T. Goetz,et al.  Attributional Retraining, Self-Esteem, and the Job Interview: Benefits and Risks for College Student Employment , 2011 .

[23]  S. Baron-Cohen,et al.  The Autism Spectrum Quotient: Children’s Version (AQ-Child) , 2008, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[24]  M. Liebowitz,et al.  Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. , 2002, Journal of anxiety disorders.

[25]  Akio Wakabayashi,et al.  [The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Japanese version: evidence from high-functioning clinical group and normal adults]. , 2004, Shinrigaku kenkyu : The Japanese journal of psychology.

[26]  Alexander Toet,et al.  Affective and Behavioral Responses to Robot-Initiated Social Touch: Toward Understanding the Opportunities and Limitations of Physical Contact in Human–Robot Interaction , 2017, Front. ICT.

[27]  B. Corbett,et al.  Cortisol Responsivity Differences in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders During Free and Cooperative Play , 2013, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[28]  H. Higashida,et al.  Salivary Oxytocin Concentrations in Seven Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder Received Massage from Their Mothers: A Pilot Study , 2015, Front. Psychiatry.

[29]  J. Ballenger Treatment of anxiety disorders to remission. , 2001, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[30]  M. van Eck,et al.  The Effects of Perceived Stress, Traits, Mood States, and Stressful Daily Events on Salivary Cortisol , 1996, Psychosomatic medicine.

[31]  C. Kirschbaum,et al.  Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications , 1994, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

[32]  Jim Euchner,et al.  Spectrum Disorder , 2012 .

[33]  Miroslav Hodak,et al.  Recent developments and applications of the real-space multigrid method , 2008 .

[34]  Nilanjan Sarkar,et al.  Brief Report: Development of a Robotic Intervention Platform for Young Children with ASD , 2015, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[35]  Masaaki Tanaka,et al.  Effect of a human-type communication robot on cognitive function in elderly women living alone , 2012, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[36]  H. McConachie,et al.  Reducing Specific Phobia/Fear in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) through a Virtual Reality Environment Intervention , 2014, PloS one.

[37]  B. Corbett,et al.  Improvement in Social Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders Using a Theatre‐Based, Peer‐Mediated Intervention , 2014, Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research.

[38]  Courtney Vierstra,et al.  School-to-work transition and Asperger Syndrome. , 2008, Work.

[39]  A. Couteur,et al.  Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders , 1994, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[40]  Rebecca C. Knickmeyer,et al.  The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)—Adolescent Version , 2006, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[41]  E. Walker,et al.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 2013 .