Recent Advances in the Design, Modeling, and Control of Multiphase Machines—Part I

Multiphase machines are well recognized as an attractive alternative to conventional three-phase machines in a number of applications where high overall system reliability and reduction in total power per phase are required. The pace of developments in the field has accelerated in the last few years, and substantial knowledge has been recently generated. The main objective of the two-part survey named ‘Recent Advances in the Design, Modeling, and Control of Multiphase Machines’ is to present relevant contributions to encourage and guide new advances and developments in the field. More specifically, part 1 of the work analyzes the recent progress in the design, modeling, and control, including healthy operation, of multiphase motor drives, and discusses open challenges and future research directions in the area.

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[2]  Olli Pyrhonen,et al.  Determination of the inductance parameters for the decoupled d-q model of double-star permanentmagnet synchronous machines , 2014 .

[3]  Nicola Bianchi,et al.  Experimental Tests of Dual Three-Phase Induction Motor Under Faulty Operating Condition , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[4]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Wide Operational Speed Range of Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Machines by Using Different Stator Winding Configurations , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[5]  Hans-Georg Herzog,et al.  A voltage-behind-reactance model of a dual-voltage six-phase induction machine , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM).

[6]  L. Parsa,et al.  A Unified Fault-Tolerant Current Control Approach for Five-Phase PM Motors With Trapezoidal Back EMF Under Different Stator Winding Connections , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[7]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Interior-Permanent-Magnet Machines for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[8]  Luca Zarri,et al.  Detection and Localization of Stator Resistance Dissymmetry Based on Multiple Reference Frame Controllers in Multiphase Induction Motor Drives , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  Jussi Karttunen,et al.  Decoupled d-q Model of Double-Star Interior-Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[10]  M. J. Kamper,et al.  Multiphase Cage-Rotor Induction-Machine Drive With Direct Implementation of Brush DC Operation , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[11]  Fan Wu,et al.  Research on a 20-Slot/22-Pole Five-Phase Fault-Tolerant PMSM Used for Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles , 2014 .

[12]  Gérard-André Capolino,et al.  Fuzzy Logic and Sliding-Mode Controls Applied to Six-Phase Induction Machine With Open Phases , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[13]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  Predictive current control of dual three-phase drives using restrained search techniques and multi level voltage source inverters , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Ahmed Massoud,et al.  A five-phase induction machine model using multiple DQ planes considering the effect of magnetic saturation , 2014, 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[15]  Ayman Samy Abdel-Khalik,et al.  Optimum Flux Distribution With Harmonic Injection for a Multiphase Induction Machine Using Genetic Algorithms , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[16]  Jing Zhao,et al.  Investigation of a Novel Five-Phase Modular Permanent-Magnet In-Wheel Motor , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[17]  Wooi Ping Hew,et al.  FCS-MPC-Based Current Control of a Five-Phase Induction Motor and its Comparison with PI-PWM Control , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[18]  Ramin Salehi Arashloo,et al.  Genetic algorithm-based output power optimisation of fault tolerant five-phase brushless direct current drives applicable for electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles , 2014 .

[19]  Yang Xu,et al.  Modelling and control of a multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator and efficient hybrid 3L-converters for large direct-drive wind turbines , 2012 .

[20]  Guohai Liu,et al.  Design of Five-Phase Modular Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines for High Reliability Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[21]  Kai Shi,et al.  An Excitation-Capacitor-Optimized Dual Stator-Winding Induction Generator With the Static Excitation Controller for Wind Power Application , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

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[23]  N. Bianchi,et al.  Sensorless Rotor Position Detection Capability of a Dual Three-Phase Fractional-Slot IPM Machine , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

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[27]  Ahmed M. Massoud,et al.  An Improved Performance Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Wind Generator Using a Novel Single-Layer Winding Layout , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[28]  Yangguang Yan,et al.  Development of a New Permanent-Magnet BLDC Generator Using 12-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[29]  Shehab Ahmed,et al.  Performance evaluation of a five-phase modular external rotor PM machine with different rotor poles , 2012 .

[30]  A. Tessarolo Accurate Computation of Multiphase Synchronous Machine Inductances Based on Winding Function Theory , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[31]  V. Fernao Pires,et al.  Fault diagnosis in six-phase induction motor using a current trajectory mass center , 2014 .

[32]  Bruno Dehez,et al.  Torque Control Strategy of Polyphase Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines With Minimal Controller Reconfiguration Under Open-Circuit Fault of One Phase , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[33]  Atif Iqbal,et al.  MRAS-based sensorless control of a vector controlled five-phase induction motor drive , 2008 .

[34]  Ramin Salehi Arashloo,et al.  Fault Detection and Fault Tolerant Operation of a Five Phase PM Motor Drive Using Adaptive Model Identification Approach , 2014, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[35]  Leila Parsa,et al.  Global Fault-Tolerant Control Technique for Multiphase Permanent-Magnet Machines , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[36]  John E. Fletcher,et al.  A Novel Direct Torque Control Scheme for a Sensorless Five-Phase Induction Motor Drive , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[37]  Xavier Kestelyn,et al.  A Vectorial Approach for Generation of Optimal Current References for Multiphase Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines in Real Time , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[38]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  Variable-Speed Five-Phase Induction Motor Drive Based on Predictive Torque Control , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[39]  Eric Semail,et al.  General Analytical Model of Magnet Average Eddy-Current Volume Losses for Comparison of Multiphase PM Machines With Concentrated Winding , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[40]  Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik Five-phase modular external rotor PM machines with different rotor poles: a comparative simulation study , 2012 .

[41]  Raul Gregor,et al.  Predictive-space vector PWM current control method for asymmetrical dual three-phase induction motor drives , 2010 .

[42]  G. P. Adam,et al.  Assessment of a wind energy conversion system based on a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator with a twelve-pulse PWM current source converter , 2013, 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder.

[43]  Manuel R. Arahal,et al.  PI tuning of five-phase drives with third harmonic injection , 2009 .

[44]  C. C. Scharlau,et al.  Performance of a Five-Phase Induction Machine With Optimized Air Gap Field Under Open Loop $V$/$f$ Control , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[45]  Mahmoud I. Masoud,et al.  Calculation of derating factors based on steady-state unbalanced multiphase induction machine model under open phase(s) and optimal winding currents , 2014 .

[46]  N. Bianchi,et al.  Strategies for the Fault-Tolerant Current Control of a Five-Phase Permanent-Magnet Motor , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[47]  Ahmed S. Morsy,et al.  Effect of Stator Winding Connection on Performance of Five-Phase Induction Machines , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[48]  Wenping Cao,et al.  Overview of Electric Motor Technologies Used for More Electric Aircraft (MEA) , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[49]  Massimo Barcaro,et al.  Six-phase supply feasibility using a PM fractional-slot dual winding machine , 2010, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[50]  A. Massoud,et al.  Effect of Current Harmonic Injection on Constant Rotor Volume Multiphase Induction Machine Stators: A Comparative Study , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[51]  Shehab Ahmed,et al.  Performance Evaluation of a Five-Phase Modular Winding Induction Machine , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[52]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  A Proof of Concept Study of Predictive Current Control for VSI-Driven Asymmetrical Dual Three-Phase AC Machines , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[53]  Girish Kumar Singh,et al.  Performance evaluation of series compensated self-excited six-phase induction generator for stand-alone renewable energy generation , 2010 .

[54]  Lingshun Liu,et al.  The Capacity Optimization for the Static Excitation Controller of the Dual-Stator-Winding Induction Generator Operating in a Wide Speed Range , 2009, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[55]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  An Enhanced Predictive Current Control Method for Asymmetrical Six-Phase Motor Drives , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[56]  Massimo Barcaro,et al.  Analysis and Tests of a Dual Three-Phase 12-Slot 10-Pole Permanent-Magnet Motor , 2010 .

[57]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Multiphase induction motor drives - : a technology status review , 2007 .

[58]  Manuel R. Arahal,et al.  Comparative Study of Predictive and Resonant Controllers in Fault-Tolerant Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[59]  Pertti Silventoinen,et al.  Decoupled Vector Control Scheme for Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[60]  Emil Levi,et al.  Multiphase Electric Machines for Variable-Speed Applications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[61]  Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh,et al.  Fault Tolerant and Minimum Loss Control of Double-Star Synchronous Machines Under Open Phase Conditions , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[62]  Emil Levi,et al.  Fault-tolerant efficient control of six-phase induction generators in wind energy conversion systems with series-parallel machine-side converters , 2014 .

[63]  Pertti Silventoinen,et al.  Online Estimation of Double-Star IPM Machine Parameters Using RLS Algorithm , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[64]  Wooi Ping Hew,et al.  Operation of a Six-Phase Induction Machine Using Series-Connected Machine-Side Converters , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[65]  Michele Degano,et al.  Analytical modeling of split-phase synchronous reluctance machines , 2014, IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[66]  Martin Jones,et al.  Postfault Operation of an Asymmetrical Six-Phase Induction Machine With Single and Two Isolated Neutral Points , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[67]  S. Kouro,et al.  Dual-boost-NPC converter for a dual three-phase PMSG wind energy conversion system , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES).

[68]  Sverre S. Gjerde,et al.  Control and Fault Handling in a Modular Series-Connected Converter for a Transformerless 100 kV Low-Weight Offshore Wind Turbine , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[69]  M. Jones,et al.  A Synchronous Current Control Scheme for Multiphase Induction Motor Drives , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[70]  Jin Huang,et al.  Analysis and Control of Multiphase Permanent-Magnet Bearingless Motor With a Single Set of Half-Coiled Winding , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[71]  Nicola Bianchi,et al.  Electrical Machine Topologies: Hottest Topics in the Electrical Machine Research Community , 2014, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[72]  Alejandro G. Yepes,et al.  Current Harmonics Compensation Based on Multiresonant Control in Synchronous Frames for Symmetrical $n$-Phase Machines , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[73]  Fabrice Locment,et al.  Vectorial Approach-Based Control of a Seven-Phase Axial Flux Machine Designed for Fault Operation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[74]  Chris Gerada,et al.  Design of a Five-Phase Brushless DC Motor for a Safety Critical Aerospace Application , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[75]  Sachin Jain,et al.  Extension of the DTC Technique to Multiphase Induction Motor Drives Using Any Odd Number of Phases , 2014, 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC).

[76]  Leila Parsa,et al.  A Generalized Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for Five-Phase PM Motor Drives Considering Star, Pentagon, and Pentacle Connections of Stator Windings , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[77]  Dong Wang,et al.  A Distributed Magnetic Circuit Approach to Analysis of Multiphase Induction Machines With Nonsinusoidal Supply , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[78]  A. Tessarolo,et al.  Shipboard Power Generation: Design and Development of a Medium-Voltage dc Generation System , 2013, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine.

[79]  B. W. Williams,et al.  Improved Flux Pattern With Third Harmonic Injection for Multiphase Induction Machines , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[80]  Fan Wu,et al.  Investigation of a Novel 24-Slot/14-Pole Six-Phase Fault-Tolerant Modular Permanent-Magnet In-Wheel Motor for Electric Vehicles , 2013 .

[81]  Nicola Bianchi,et al.  Thermal analysis of a five-phase motor under faulty operations , 2011, 8th IEEE Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics & Drives.

[82]  J. Doval-Gandoy,et al.  Parameter Identification of Multiphase Induction Machines With Distributed Windings—Part 2: Time-Domain Techniques , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[83]  Ahmed M. Massoud,et al.  A Voltage-Behind-Reactance Model of Five-Phase Induction Machines Considering the Effect of Magnetic Saturation , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[84]  Kai Shi,et al.  Wide-Speed-Range-Operation Dual Stator-Winding Induction Generator DC Generating System for Wind Power Applications , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[85]  G. Jewell,et al.  Cogging Torque in Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[86]  Z. Q. Zhu,et al.  Torque improvement of five-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet machine using third-order harmonic , 2016, 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM).

[87]  Nicola Bianchi,et al.  Slot Harmonic Impact on Rotor Losses in Fractional-Slot Permanent-Magnet Machines , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[88]  Massimo Barcaro,et al.  Faulty Operations of a PM Fractional-Slot Machine With a Dual Three-Phase Winding , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[89]  Fabien Meinguet,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Operation of an Open-End Winding Five-Phase PMSM Drive With Short-Circuit Inverter Fault , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[90]  M. J. Duran,et al.  Reduction of Common-Mode Voltage in Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives Using Predictive Control Techniques , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[91]  John E. Fletcher,et al.  Steady-state performance assessment of three- and five-phase permanent magnet generators connected to a diode bridge rectifier under open-circuit faults , 2010 .

[92]  Pascal Brochet,et al.  Design and Optimization of a Nine-Phase Axial-Flux PM Synchronous Generator With Concentrated Winding for Direct-Drive Wind Turbine , 2006 .

[93]  M. Masoud,et al.  Eleven-phase induction machine: steady-state analysis and performance evaluation with harmonic injection , 2010 .

[94]  Chris Gerada,et al.  Performance Evaluation of a Vector-Control Fault-Tolerant Flux-Switching Motor Drive , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[95]  John E. Fletcher,et al.  Dual-Plane Vector Control of a Five-Phase Induction Machine for an Improved Flux Pattern , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[96]  L. Parsa,et al.  Model Reference Adaptive Control of Five-Phase IPM Motors Based on Neural Network , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[97]  C. C. Scharlau,et al.  Influence of Saturation on the Airgap Induction Waveform of Five-Phase Induction Machines , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[98]  Seung-Ki Sul,et al.  A Nine-Phase Permanent-Magnet Motor Drive System for an Ultrahigh-Speed Elevator , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[99]  Federico Barrero,et al.  IGBT-Gating Failure Effect on a Fault-Tolerant Predictive Current-Controlled Five-Phase Induction Motor Drive , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[100]  Ronghai Qu,et al.  Study of Multiphase Superconducting Wind Generators With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[101]  Luca Zarri,et al.  High-Torque-Density Control of Multiphase Induction Motor Drives Operating Over a Wide Speed Range , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[102]  Girish Kumar Singh,et al.  A six-phase synchronous generator for stand-alone renewable energy generation: Experimental analysis , 2011 .

[103]  A. Labak,et al.  Designing and Prototyping a Novel Five-Phase Pancake-Shaped Axial-Flux SRM for Electric Vehicle Application Through Dynamic FEA Incorporating Flux-Tube Modeling , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[104]  Yongdong Li,et al.  A Transformer-Less High-Power Converter for Large Permanent Magnet Wind Generator Systems , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[105]  Steffen Bernet,et al.  A New Modular Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Drive for Large Wind Turbines , 2014 .

[106]  Olorunfemi Ojo,et al.  Modeling of a Dual-Stator-Winding Induction Machine Including the Effect of Main Flux Linkage Magnetic Saturation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[107]  Kai Shi,et al.  A Stand-Alone Dual Stator-Winding Induction Generator Variable Frequency AC Power System , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[108]  Andrea Cavagnino,et al.  Integrated generator for more electric engine: Design and testing of a scaled size prototype , 2012, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[109]  Shahriyar Kaboli,et al.  Comparison of Efficiency for Different Switching Tables in Six-Phase Induction Motor DTC Drive , 2012 .

[110]  D. Casadei,et al.  Control of Multiphase Induction Motors With an Odd Number of Phases Under Open-Circuit Phase Faults , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[111]  Martin Jones,et al.  Current Control Methods for an Asymmetrical Six-Phase Induction Motor Drive , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[112]  Manuel R. Arahal,et al.  Multi-phase current control using finite-state model-predictive control , 2009 .

[113]  Franck Scuiller Magnet Shape Optimization to Reduce Pulsating Torque for a Five-Phase Permanent-Magnet Low-Speed Machine , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[114]  Leila Parsa,et al.  An Optimal Control Technique for Multiphase PM Machines Under Open-Circuit Faults , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[115]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  One-Step Modulation Predictive Current Control Method for the Asymmetrical Dual Three-Phase Induction Machine , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[116]  Ronghai Qu,et al.  Comparison Study of Superconducting Generators With Multiphase Armature Windings for Large-Scale Direct-Drive Wind Turbines , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[117]  Franck Scuiller,et al.  Multi-criteria-based design approach of multi-phase permanent magnet low-speed synchronous machines , 2009 .

[118]  Leila Parsa,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Control of Five-Phase Permanent-Magnet Motors With Trapezoidal Back EMF , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[119]  John E. Fletcher,et al.  Low-Speed Control Improvements for a Two-Level Five-Phase Inverter-Fed Induction Machine Using Classic Direct Torque Control , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[120]  Ahmed M. Massoud,et al.  Effect of Stator Winding Connection of Five-Phase Induction Machines on Torque Ripples Under Open Line Condition , 2015, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[121]  Barry W. Williams,et al.  Vector controlled multiphase induction machine: Harmonic injection using optimized constant gains , 2012 .

[122]  Sergio L. Toral Marín,et al.  Speed Control of Five-Phase Induction Motors With Integrated Open-Phase Fault Operation Using Model-Based Predictive Current Control Techniques , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[123]  Gérard-André Capolino,et al.  Shaft Positioning for Six-Phase Induction Machines With Open Phases Using Variable Structure Control , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[124]  Sai Sudheer Reddy Bonthu,et al.  Comparison of optimized permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors with three-phase and five-phase systems , 2014, 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[125]  Eric Semail,et al.  High-speed functionality optimization of five-phase PM machine using third harmonic current , 2014 .

[126]  Sandipan Mishra,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Operation of Multiphase Permanent-Magnet Machines Using Iterative Learning Control , 2014, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[127]  A. Rahmati,et al.  Efficiency Improvement in DTC of Six-Phase Induction Machine by Adaptive Gradient Descent of Flux , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[128]  J. Doval-Gandoy,et al.  Parameter Identification of Multiphase Induction Machines With Distributed Windings—Part 1: Sinusoidal Excitation Methods , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[129]  Andrew J. Forsyth,et al.  Direct current ripple compensation for multi-phase fault-tolerant machines , 2011 .

[130]  Kan Liu,et al.  Current Control for Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Accounting for Current Unbalance and Harmonics , 2014, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.