ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC SPRAYING FUNCTIONING MODES - A CRITICAL-REVIEW

Abstract The multiplicity of electrohydrodynamic spraying functioning modes has been and still continues to be, a cause of misunderstanding. The modes observed in air (and observable also in vacuum) are reviewed and several results are compared with those of earlier work. For regimes other than dripping, a terminology is proposed, the main modes being designated: cone-jet, multijet, microdripping, simple jet, ramified jet (including fan configuration) and spindle (including harmonic spraying).

[1]  L. Larrondo,et al.  Electrostatic fiber spinning from polymer melts. I. Experimental observations on fiber formation and properties , 1981 .

[2]  I. Hayati,et al.  Investigations into the mechanisms of electrohydrodynamic spraying of liquids. I: Effect of electric field and the environment on pendant drops and factors affecting the formation of stable jets and atomization , 1987 .

[3]  Michael T. Harris,et al.  Capillary electrohydrostatics of conducting drops hanging from a nozzle in an electric field , 1993 .

[4]  Geoffrey Ingram Taylor,et al.  Electrically driven jets , 1969, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[5]  V. E. Krohn Evidence that the minimum‐energy state is not accessible to a system of droplets produced by electrohydrodynamic spraying , 1973 .

[6]  M. Cloupeau,et al.  Characteristic forms of electrified menisci emitting charges , 1986 .

[7]  S. Edward Law,et al.  Electrostatic Pesticide Spraying: Concepts and Practice , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[8]  A. Huebner Disintegration of charged liquid jets , 1969, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[9]  R. L. Hines,et al.  Electrostatic Atomization and Spray Painting , 1966 .

[10]  S. Sample,et al.  Production of liquid aerosols by harmonic electrical spraying , 1972 .

[11]  A. J. Kelly Electrostatic metallic spray theory , 1976 .

[12]  M. Cloupeau RECIPES FOR USE OF EHD SPRAYING IN CONE-JET MODE AND NOTES ON CORONA DISCHARGE EFFECTS , 1994 .

[13]  N. Lindblad,et al.  Production of uniform-sized liquid droplets , 1965 .

[14]  A. Bailey,et al.  Natural Periodic Electrostatic Spraying of Liquids , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[15]  John Zeleny,et al.  Instability of Electrified Liquid Surfaces , 1917 .

[16]  G. Hieftje,et al.  Enhancement of pneumatic nebulization efficiency through application of an electric field. , 1978, The Review of scientific instruments.

[17]  N. Fuks,et al.  Electrohydrodynamic Atomisation of Liquids , 1976 .

[18]  G. Meesters,et al.  Generation of micron-sized droplets from the Taylor cone , 1992 .

[19]  M. Mann,et al.  Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. , 1989, Science.

[20]  A. Gomez,et al.  On the structure of an electrostatic spray of monodisperse droplets , 1994 .

[21]  T. Murakami,et al.  Velocity measurements of electrostatically sprayed droplets by means of two laser pulses of different wavelength , 1981 .

[22]  A. Bailey,et al.  The profiles of axially symmetric electrified pendent drops , 1978 .

[23]  J. Mora,et al.  The current emitted by highly conducting Taylor cones , 1994, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[24]  A. Bailey,et al.  ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING OF LIQUIDS , 1988 .

[25]  Geoffrey Ingram Taylor,et al.  Disintegration of water drops in an electric field , 1964, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[26]  J. Wilson A linear source of electrostatically charged spray , 1982 .

[27]  Y. Tomita,et al.  Fundamental Studies on An Electrostatic Ink Jet Printer : 1st Report, Electrostatic Drop Formation , 1986 .

[28]  S. Sample,et al.  Production of monodisperse charged metal particles by harmonic electrical spraying , 1975 .

[29]  Masayuki Mutoh,et al.  Convergence and disintegration of liquid jets induced by an electrostatic field , 1979 .

[30]  A. Neukermans Stability criteria of an electrified liquid jet , 1973 .

[31]  C. Weber Zum Zerfall eines Flüssigkeitsstrahles , 1931 .

[32]  John R. Albright,et al.  Mass dependence of the momentum-transfer distributions in pi+ p ---> p 8pi at 11.0 gev/c , 1974 .

[33]  R. J. Pfeifer,et al.  Charge‐to‐Mass Relationships for Electrohydrodynamically Sprayed Liquid Droplets , 1967 .

[34]  Milton Kerker,et al.  The Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation ~Academic , 1969 .

[35]  Yoshiki Hashimoto,et al.  THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CHARGED DROP FORMATION IN A UNIFORM ELECTRIC FIELD , 1981 .

[36]  C. Hendricks,et al.  Study of an electrically driven jet , 1979 .

[37]  Masayuki Sato,et al.  The production of essentially uniform-sized liquid droplets in gaseous or immiscible liquid media under applied a.c. potential , 1984 .

[38]  C. Hendricks,et al.  Natural pulsations in electrical spraying of liquids , 1964 .

[39]  A. J. Kelly,et al.  The electrostatic atomization of hydrocarbons , 1984 .

[40]  J. Mora,et al.  The effect of charge emission from electrified liquid cones , 1992, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[41]  David P. H. Smith,et al.  The Electrohydrodynamic Atomization of Liquids , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[42]  Bernard Vonnegut,et al.  PRODUCTION OF MONODISPERSE LIQUID PARTICLES BY ELECTRICAL ATOMIZATION. (PROJECT CIRRUS). OCCASIONAL REPORT NO. 36. Seventh Occasional Report. MULTIPLE-STAGE DILUTION OF AEROSOLS BY USE OF ASPIRATORS. (PROJECT CIRRUS). OCCASIONAL REPORT NO. 37. Eighth Occasional Report , 1952 .

[43]  R. J. Turnbull,et al.  Generation of charged drops of insulating liquids by electrostatic spraying , 1976 .

[44]  M. Cloupeau,et al.  Electrostatic spraying of liquids: Main functioning modes , 1990 .

[45]  M. Cloupeau,et al.  Deformation of liquid menisci under the action of an electric field , 1982 .

[46]  M. Cloupeau,et al.  Electrostatic spraying of liquids in cone-jet mode , 1989 .

[47]  S. Sample,et al.  A New Apparatus for the Production of Uniform Liquid Drops , 1970 .

[48]  A. Gomez,et al.  Charge and fission of droplets in electrostatic sprays , 1994 .

[49]  A. I. Grigor’ev,et al.  Theory of production of monodisperse particles by electrostatic spraying of liquids , 1991 .

[50]  R. H. Magarvey,et al.  Note on the break-up of a charged liquid jet , 1962, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.