Challenges and Opportunities of the Internet of Things for Global Development to Achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Internet of Things (IoT) makes a significant contribution to development in economical, social and ecological terms. In this work, the current context to successfully apply IoT in developing countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of United Nations is studied. Potential and opportunities of the IoT in the developing world as well as the current challenges of IoT in developing countries are reviewed. The research methodology is focused on the IoT context in the developing world as well as profitable IoT projects carried out in developing countries, using the SDGs as a reference. Key features as a technical challenges, environmental conditions or social differences are studied to contextualize IoT in developing countries. Finally, the combination of low-cost IoT and pay-as-you-go is presented as the best scenario to better disseminate the Internet of Things for Development (IoT4D) to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

[1]  Er. Pooja Yadav,et al.  IoT: Challenges and Issues in Indian Perspective , 2018, 2018 3rd International Conference On Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and Usages (IoT-SIU).

[2]  Arys Carrasquilla-Batista,et al.  IoT applications: On the path of Costa Rica's commitment to becoming carbon-neutral , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Internet of Things for the Global Community (IoTGC).

[3]  Philippe Cousin,et al.  IoT Standards for Africa and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , 2018, 2018 IST-Africa Week Conference (IST-Africa).

[4]  Laurence Smith,et al.  Agricultural water management and poverty linkages , 2010 .

[5]  Murat Ali,et al.  Technical development and socioeconomic implications of the Raspberry Pi as a learning tool in developing countries , 2013, 2013 5th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference (CEEC).

[6]  Renata Imaculada Soares Pereira,et al.  IoT embedded linux system based on Raspberry Pi applied to real-time cloud monitoring of a decentralized photovoltaic plant , 2018 .

[7]  Wasim Arif,et al.  HEMAN: Health monitoring and nous: An IoT based e-health care system for remote telemedicine , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET).

[8]  Alex Smajgl,et al.  The water-food-energy Nexus - Realising a new paradigm , 2016 .

[9]  Ghita Mezzour,et al.  Securing the Internet of Things (IoT) , 2018, 2018 6th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM).

[10]  Mahammad Shareef Mekala,et al.  A novel technology for smart agriculture based on IoT with cloud computing , 2017, 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC).

[11]  Muthoni Masinde.  IoT applications that work for the African continent: Innovation or adoption? , 2014, 2014 12th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN).

[12]  A. Neef,et al.  Sustainable development and the water–energy–food nexus: A perspective on livelihoods , 2015 .

[13]  H. A. Sanjay,et al.  Cloud based data analysis and monitoring of smart multi-level irrigation system using IoT , 2017, 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC).

[14]  Chee Yen Leow,et al.  An Overview of Internet of Things (IoT) and Data Analytics in Agriculture: Benefits and Challenges , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[15]  Manuel Fuentes,et al.  IoT Application for Real-Time Monitoring of Solar Home Systems Based on Arduino™ With 3G Connectivity , 2019, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[16]  Abdur Rahim.  IoT and Data Analytics for Developing Countries from Research to Business Transformation , 2017, GECON.

[17]  Alagan Anpalagan,et al.  Sensor-based M2M Agriculture Monitoring Systems for Developing Countries: State and Challenges , 2013, Netw. Protoc. Algorithms.

[18]  Paul Kim,et al.  A Comparative Analysis of a Game-Based Mobile Learning Model in Low-Socioeconomic Communities of India. , 2012 .

[19]  Francisco Javier Ferrández Pastor,et al.  Developing Ubiquitous Sensor Network Platform Using Internet of Things: Application in Precision Agriculture , 2016, Sensors.

[21]  Dessislava Petrova-Antonova,et al.  EcoLogic: IoT Platform for Control of Carbon Emissions , 2017, ICSOFT.

[22]  S. Tzafestas.  Ethics and Law in the Internet of Things World , 2018, Smart Cities.

[23]  Amandeep,et al.  Smart farming using IOT , 2017, 2017 8th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON).

[24]  Hasan Shahid Ferdous,et al.  Towards ubiquitous learning tools for computer aided classroom in developing regions , 2014, 16th Int'l Conf. Computer and Information Technology.

[25]  P. C. Jain,et al.  Water Level Monitoring and Management of Dams using IoT , 2018, 2018 3rd International Conference On Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and Usages (IoT-SIU).

[26]  Tokunbo Ogunfunmi,et al.  Vital sensor kit for use with telemedicine in developing countries , 2017, 2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC).

[27]  John Garrity,et al.  Harnessing the Internet of Things for Global Development , 2015 .

[28]  Nick Lethaby.  Wireless connectivity for the Internet of Things, one size does not fit all , 2014 .

[29]  Mengxiang Li,et al.  African Societal Challenges Transformation through IoT , 2017, PACIS.

[30]  T.F. Sanni,et al.  Smart Metering System: A Solution for Adoption in Developing Countries , 2018, 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica.

[31]  M. Zorn.  Natural Disasters and Less Developed Countries , 2018 .

[32]  Sushma Agrawal,et al.  IoT based urban climate monitoring using Raspberry Pi , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP).

[33]  Marco Zennaro,et al.  Enabling the Internet of Things in developing countries: Opportunities and challenges , 2016, 2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV).

[34]  Christopher B. Field,et al.  Livelihoods and Poverty , 2014 .

[35]  Niloy Gupta,et al.  Learning by creating: Interactive programming for Indian high schools , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Technology Enhanced Education (ICTEE).

[36]  Vineeth Vijayaraghavan,et al.  GreenEduComp: Low cost green computing system for education in Rural India: A scheme for sustainable development through education , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC).

[37]  Josephat Kalezhi,et al.  The internet of things in agriculture for sustainable rural development , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Networks and Computer Communications (ETNCC).

[38]  Unesco Unesco.  Water for a Sustainable World , 2015 .

[40]  N. Ramanathan,et al.  Wireless sensors linked to climate financing for globally affordable clean cooking , 2017 .

[41]  Abhinav Kumar Sharma,et al.  IOT ENABLED FOREST FIRE DETECTION AND ONLINE MONITORING SYSTEM , 2017 .

[42]  Manuel Fuentes,et al.  Lessons learned from the field analysis of PV installations in the Saharawi refugee camps after 10 years of operation , 2018, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

[43]  Sanjay B. Deshmukh,et al.  Raspberry Pi for automation of water treatment plant , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI).

[44]  Danny Hughes,et al.  Developing the IoT to Support the Health Sector: A Case Study from Kikwit, DR Congo , 2017, AFRICATEK.

[45]  N. Sathish Kumar,et al.  IOT based smart garbage alert system using Arduino UNO , 2016, 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON).

[46]  Chee Siang Ang,et al.  Exploring the Internet of “Educational Things”(IoET) in rural underprivileged areas , 2015, 2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON).

[47]  Ashutosh Behura,et al.  IoT Based Smart Agricultural Device Controlling System , 2018, 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT).

[48]  Lennart Olsson,et al.  Livelihoods and Poverty : Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2014 .

[49]  Sehyun Park,et al.  IoT-Based Smart Garbage System for Efficient Food Waste Management , 2014, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[50]  Marco Zennaro,et al.  Towards Smart and Sustainable Future Cities Based on Internet of Things for Developing Countries: What Approach for Africa? , 2018, EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things.

[51]  Álvaro Pachón de la Cruz,et al.  Public Transport Vehicle Tracking Service for Intermediate Cities of Developing Countries, based on ITS Architecture using Internet of Things (IoT) , 2018, 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC).

[52]  Abubakr Muhammad,et al.  IoT Enabled Analysis of Irrigation Rosters in the Indus Basin Irrigation System , 2016 .

[53]  Lei Shu,et al.  Internet of Things for Disaster Management: State-of-the-Art and Prospects , 2017, IEEE Access.

[54]  Kevin Winter,et al.  Low-Cost Flow Sensors: Making Smart Water Monitoring Technology Affordable , 2019, IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine.

[55]  Yabrin Amin,et al.  Arduino based supervision of banana ripening stages , 2015, 2015 1st International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT).

[56]  Sonke Kreft,et al.  Global Climate Risk Index 2014 , 2012 .

[57]  Jan Pavlík,et al.  Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture - Selected Aspects , 2016 .

[58]  Md. Akhtaruzzaman Adnan,et al.  Smart health care system for underdeveloped countries , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Photonics (ICTP).

[59]  B. Ashish,et al.  Temperature monitored IoT based smart incubator , 2017, 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC).

[60]  Olaf Thieme,et al.  Global Initiative on Food Loss and Waste reduction , 2013 .

[61]  Yu Li,et al.  Water-energy-food nexus: Concepts, questions and methodologies , 2018, Journal of Cleaner Production.

[62]  D. Harries,et al.  Issues related to rural electrification using renewable energy in developing countries of Asia and Pacific , 2009 .