Finding People in Repeated Shots of the Same Scene

The goal of this work is to find all occurrences of a particular person in a sequence of photographs taken over a short period of time. For identification, we assume each individual’s hair and clothing stays the same throughout the sequence. Even with these assumptions, the task remains challenging as people can move around, change their pose and scale, and partially occlude each other. We propose a two stage method. First, individuals are identified by clustering frontal face detections using color clothing information. Second, a color based pictorial structure model is used to find occurrences of each person in images where their frontal face detection was missed. Two extensions improving the pictorial structure detections are also described. In the first extension, we obtain a better clothing segmentation to improve the accuracy of the clothing color model. In the second extension, we simultaneously consider multiple detection hypotheses of all people potentially present in the shot. Our results show that people can be re-detected in images where they do not face the camera. Results are presented on several sequences from a personal photo collection.

[1]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Human Detection Based on a Probabilistic Assembly of Robust Part Detectors , 2004, ECCV.

[2]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Strike a pose: tracking people by finding stylized poses , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[3]  Pietro Perona,et al.  A sparse object category model for efficient learning and exhaustive recognition , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[4]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[5]  Stan Z. Li,et al.  FloatBoost learning and statistical face detection , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[6]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  Probabilistic framework for segmenting people under occlusion , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[7]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Full-body person recognition system , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[8]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Detecting Pedestrians Using Patterns of Motion and Appearance , 2003, Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[9]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Face recognition: A literature survey , 2003, CSUR.

[10]  Shigeo Abe DrEng Pattern Classification , 2001, Springer London.

[11]  Dariu Gavrila,et al.  Real-time object detection for "smart" vehicles , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[12]  Bill Triggs,et al.  Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[13]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Spatial priors for part-based recognition using statistical models , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[14]  Martin A. Fischler,et al.  The Representation and Matching of Pictorial Structures , 1973, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[15]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  A statistical method for 3D object detection applied to faces and cars , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[16]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Probabilistic Methods for Finding People , 2001, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[17]  Mingjing Li,et al.  Automated annotation of human faces in family albums , 2003, MULTIMEDIA '03.

[18]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Pictorial Structures for Object Recognition , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[19]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Recovering human body configurations: combining segmentation and recognition , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[20]  William H. Press,et al.  Numerical recipes in C , 2002 .

[21]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Efficient matching of pictorial structures , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[22]  David G. Stork,et al.  Pattern Classification , 1973 .

[23]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Person Spotting: Video Shot Retrieval for Face Sets , 2005, CIVR.

[24]  Benjamin B. Bederson,et al.  Semi-Automatic Image Annotation Using Event and Torso Identification , 2004 .

[25]  Andrew Blake,et al.  "GrabCut" , 2004, ACM Trans. Graph..