A new unequal clustering protocol with local re-clustering mechanism for wireless sensor networks

A new unequal clustering protocol with local re-clustering mechanism is proposed to mitigate the 'hot spot' problem and thereby prolong the network lifetime of a wireless sensor network WSN. In the setup phase, the network is partitioned into several unequal-size layers based on the minimum hop count of each node to the base station BS. Then each layer is further partitioned into several layer-dependent-size clusters by a weight-based cluster head CH competition, where candidate nodes participating in CH election are selected by the BS with a new exploration approach. In addition, we propose a local re-clustering mechanism to further mitigate the uneven energy load during the data transmission phase, that is, different layers reselect their CHs at different frequencies according to their relative distances to the BS. Furthermore, for local re-clustering, a simplified CH rotation approach is proposed to lessen the communication and computation overhead. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed protocol is effective in prolonging the network lifetime and in balancing the energy consumption.

[1]  Ossama Younis,et al.  Node clustering in wireless sensor networks: recent developments and deployment challenges , 2006, IEEE Network.

[2]  H. J. De Silva,et al.  Energy expenditure of global reclustering and local delegation in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 Seventh International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks - (WOCN).

[3]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2002, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[4]  Mohammed Feham,et al.  A novel cluster-based self-organization algorithm for wireless sensor networks , 2008, 2008 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems.

[5]  Jie Wu,et al.  An unequal cluster-based routing protocol in wireless sensor networks , 2009, Wirel. Networks.

[6]  JAMAL N. AL-KARAKI,et al.  Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2004, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[7]  Layuan Li,et al.  Multihop Routing Protocol with Unequal Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2008, 2008 ISECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management.

[8]  Jie Wu,et al.  An energy-efficient unequal clustering mechanism for wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems Conference, 2005..

[9]  Abraham O. Fapojuwo,et al.  A centralized energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[10]  Anantha P. Chandrakasan,et al.  An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[11]  Wendi B. Heinzelman,et al.  Prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks via unequal clustering , 2005, 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium.

[12]  Sajal K. Das,et al.  WCA: A Weighted Clustering Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2002, Cluster Computing.

[13]  Ossama Younis,et al.  HEED: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[14]  Sungryoul Lee,et al.  LUCA: An Energy-efficient Unequal Clustering Algorithm Using Location Information for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2011, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[15]  Nurhayati,et al.  A Weight-Based Unequal Clustering Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network , 2010, Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Moslem World (ICT4M) 2010.