A First-Principles Analysis for Sulfur Tolerance of CeO2 in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The mechanism for H2S−CeO2(111) interactions in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been investigated by using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In order to properly characterize the effect of the localization of Ce4f states on the interactions, DFT + U calculations were applied. Adsorption of H2S, SH, and atomic S was initially examined to locate energetically favorable intermediates. The species adsorb favorably at the Ce-top, O-top, and Ce−O bridging sites, respectively. Potential energy profiles for the H2S−CeO2 (111) interactions along the three product channels producing H2, H2O, and SO2 were constructed using the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. Calculations show that H2S weakly bounds on CeO2(111) with a small binding energy, followed by dehydrogenation processes, forming surface sulfur species with an exothermicity of 29.9 kcal/mol. Molecular-level calculations demonstrated that the SO2-forming pathway is energetically most favorable.

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