Effect of the interdiffusion reaction on the compatibility in PZT/PNN functionally gradient piezoelectric materials

The interfacial diffusion reaction Pb(Ni/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/ (PNN) and Pb(Zr,Ti)O/sub 3/ in functionally gradient materials (FGM) has been investigated as a function of sintering temperature and time, respectively. The compositional distribution profiles of the interaction region were examined by electron probe microbeam analysis (EPMA). According to the diffusion model, the concentration distribution profiles were simulated by way of numerical approaches. The diffusivity and activation energy for Ni/sup 2+/, Nb/sup 5+/, Ti/sup 4+/ and Zr/sup 4+/ ions have been estimated. The results were discussed.