Sensing via optical interference

Chemical and biological sensing are problems of tremendous contemporary technological importance in multiple regulatory and human health contexts, including environmental monitoring, water quality assurance, workplace air quality assessment, food quality control, many aspects of biodiagnostics, and, of course, homeland security. Frequently, what is needed, or at least wanted, are sensors that are simultaneously cheap, fast, reliable, selective, sensitive, robust, and easy to use. Unfortunately, these are often conflicting requirements. Over the past few years, however, a number of promising ideas based on optical interference effects have emerged. Each is based to some extent on advances in the design and fabrication of functional materials. Generally, the advances are of two kinds: chemo- and bio-selective recognition and binding, and efficient methods for micropatterning or microstructuring.

[1]  Michael J. Sailor,et al.  A Porous Silicon Optical Biosensor: Detection of Reversible Binding of IgG to a Protein A-Modified Surface , 1999 .

[2]  Richard Loo,et al.  Diffraction-based assay for detecting multiple analytes , 2002, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[3]  Anjal C. Sharma,et al.  Photonic crystal aqueous metal cation sensing materials. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[4]  Abraham M. Lenhoff,et al.  Colloidal crystals as templates for porous materials , 2000 .

[5]  C. Lowe,et al.  A Holographic Sensor for Proteases , 1995 .

[6]  B. Cunningham,et al.  A label-free optical technique for detecting small molecule interactions. , 2002, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  Andreas Janshoff,et al.  Macroporous p-Type Silicon Fabry−Perot Layers. Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications in Biosensing , 1998 .

[8]  J. Hupp,et al.  Large-scale resonance amplification of optical sensing of volatile compounds with chemoresponsive visible-region diffraction gratings. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[9]  S. Asher,et al.  Photonic crystal optrode sensor for detection of Pb2+ in high ionic strength environments. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[10]  Jeff Blyth,et al.  pH-sensitive holographic sensors. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[11]  Ming Lin,et al.  Polymerized crystalline colloidal array chemical-sensing materials for detection of lead in body fluids , 2002, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[12]  C. Lowe,et al.  Metabolite-sensitive holographic biosensors. , 2004, Analytical Chemistry.

[13]  K. Stevenson,et al.  Monitoring Molecular Adsorption on High-Area Titanium Dioxide via Modulated Diffraction of Visible Light , 2001 .

[14]  J. Pipper,et al.  Immobilization of antibodies in micropatterns for cell detection by optical diffraction , 2000 .

[15]  Michael J. Sailor,et al.  Integration of porous silicon chips in an electronic artificial nose , 2000 .

[16]  S. Asher,et al.  Intelligent Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Arrays: Novel Chemical Sensor Materials , 1998 .

[17]  C. Mirkin,et al.  Real-time multicolor DNA detection with chemoresponsive diffraction gratings and nanoparticle probes. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  C. Böttcher,et al.  High-Yield Preparation of Oligomeric C-Type DNA Toroids and Their Characterization by Cryoelectron Microscopy , 1998 .

[19]  E. Gustafson,et al.  Optical biosensor assay (OBA). , 1991, Clinical chemistry.

[20]  Anjal C. Sharma,et al.  A general photonic crystal sensing motif: creatinine in bodily fluids. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[21]  P. Fauchet,et al.  Identification of Gram negative bacteria using nanoscale silicon microcavities. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[22]  Honglae Sohn,et al.  Detection of Fluorophosphonate Chemical Warfare Agents by Catalytic Hydrolysis with a Porous Silicon Interferometer , 2000 .

[23]  S. Asher,et al.  Characterization of Optical Diffraction and Crystal Structure in Monodisperse Polystyrene Colloids , 1984 .

[24]  S. Asher,et al.  Development of an intelligent polymerized crystalline colloidal array colorimetric reagent. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[25]  Lewis J. Rothberg,et al.  Interferometric Sensing of Biomolecular Binding Using Nanoporous Aluminum Oxide Templates , 2003 .

[26]  Michael J. Sailor,et al.  Standoff detection of chemicals using porous silicon "smart dust" particles , 2002 .

[27]  G. Thompson,et al.  Porous anodic alumina: fabrication, characterization and applications , 1997 .

[28]  Michael J Sailor,et al.  Smart dust: Self-assembling, self-orienting photonic crystals of porous Si , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  Sanford A. Asher,et al.  Photonic Crystal Chemical Sensors: pH and Ionic Strength , 2000 .

[30]  S. Asher,et al.  Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials , 1997, Nature.

[31]  M. Ghadiri,et al.  A porous silicon-based optical interferometric biosensor. , 1997, Science.

[32]  M. Sailor,et al.  Detection of HF Gas with a Porous Silicon Interferometer , 2000 .

[33]  Jean Qiu,et al.  Enhancing the surface sensitivity of colorimetric resonant optical biosensors , 2002 .

[34]  Jun Gao,et al.  Porous-silicon vapor sensor based on laser interferometry , 2000 .

[35]  A. G. Cullis,et al.  The structural and luminescence properties of porous silicon , 1997 .

[36]  T. Bedyńska.  On X‐Ray diffraction in an extremely asymmetric case , 1973 .

[37]  Igor K Lednev,et al.  High ionic strength glucose-sensing photonic crystal. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[38]  E. Garrone,et al.  Sensing CO2 in a chemically modified porous silicon film , 2003 .

[39]  Keith J Stevenson,et al.  Microporous supramolecular coordination compounds as chemosensory photonic lattices. , 2002, Angewandte Chemie.

[40]  B. Cunningham,et al.  Colorimetric resonant reflection as a direct biochemical assay technique , 2002, Technical Digest. MEMS 2002 IEEE International Conference. Fifteenth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (Cat. No.02CH37266).

[41]  Jun Gao,et al.  Vapor Sensors Based on Optical Interferometry from Oxidized Microporous Silicon Films , 2002 .

[42]  Michael J Sailor,et al.  Biomolecular screening with encoded porous-silicon photonic crystals , 2002, Nature Materials.

[43]  Molecular Identification by Time‐Resolved Interferometry in a Porous Silicon Film , 2001 .

[44]  Andreas Stein,et al.  Colloidal crystal templating of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous solids: materials for photonics and beyond , 2001 .

[45]  Igor K Lednev,et al.  Photonic crystal carbohydrate sensors: low ionic strength sugar sensing. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[46]  S. Asher,et al.  Photonic crystal glucose-sensing material for noninvasive monitoring of glucose in tear fluid. , 2004, Clinical chemistry.

[47]  Ryan C Bailey,et al.  Micropatterned polymeric gratings as chemoresponsive volatile organic compound sensors: implications for analyte detection and identification via diffraction-based sensor arrays. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.