Performance assessment and optimization of a heat pipe thermal management system for fast charging lithium ion battery packs

Abstract Thermal management system is critical for the electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. This is due to the narrow operating temperature range for lithium ion batteries to achieve a good balance between performance and life. In this study, heat pipes are incorporated into a thermal management system for prismatic or pouch cells. Design optimizations focusing on increasing the cooling capacity and improving temperature uniformity of the system are undertaken through sensitivity studies. Subsequently, empirical study is carried out to assess the thermal performance of the optimized design integrated with prismatic cells at the unit level and the battery pack level. The results confirm that the optimized heat pipe thermal management system is feasible and effective for fast charging lithium ion battery packs. A delay quench cooling strategy is also proposed to enhance the performance of the thermal management system.

[1]  Said Al-Hallaj,et al.  An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs , 2009 .

[2]  Siaw Kiang Chou,et al.  Ultra-thin minichannel LCP for EV battery thermal management , 2014 .

[3]  C.K. Loh,et al.  Comparative study of heat pipes performances in different orientations , 2005, Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management IEEE Twenty First Annual IEEE Symposium, 2005..

[4]  K. Nithyanandam,et al.  Design of a latent thermal energy storage system with embedded heat pipes , 2014 .

[5]  Jun Du,et al.  Simulation model of a greenhouse with a heat-pipe heating system , 2012 .

[6]  Xuning Feng,et al.  Low temperature aging mechanism identification and lithium deposition in a large format lithium iron phosphate battery for different charge profiles , 2015 .

[7]  Anthony Jarrett,et al.  Design optimization of electric vehicle battery cooling plates for thermal performance , 2011 .

[8]  Zhengguo Zhang,et al.  Experimental and numerical investigation of the application of phase change materials in a simulative power batteries thermal management system , 2014 .

[9]  M. Verbrugge,et al.  Cycle-life model for graphite-LiFePO 4 cells , 2011 .

[10]  Fan He,et al.  Combined experimental and numerical study of thermal management of battery module consisting of multiple Li-ion cells , 2014 .

[11]  Rui Liu,et al.  Numerical investigation of thermal behaviors in lithium-ion battery stack discharge , 2014 .

[12]  Praful Date,et al.  HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN FIN AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER - A REVIEW , 2013 .

[13]  Zhonghao Rao,et al.  A review of power battery thermal energy management , 2011 .

[14]  Ahmad Pesaran,et al.  Battery thermal models for hybrid vehicle simulations , 2002 .

[15]  W. Bessler,et al.  Low-temperature charging of lithium-ion cells part I: Electrochemical modeling and experimental investigation of degradation behavior , 2014 .

[16]  Suresh V. Garimella,et al.  A mathematical model for analyzing the thermal characteristics of a flat micro heat pipe with a grooved wick , 2008 .

[17]  Frank P. Incropera,et al.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 1981 .

[18]  S. Kim,et al.  Analytical and experimental investigation on the operational characteristics and the thermal optimization of a miniature heat pipe with a grooved wick structure , 2003 .

[19]  Fan He,et al.  Thermal management of batteries employing active temperature control and reciprocating cooling flow , 2015 .

[20]  Heesung Park,et al.  A design of air flow configuration for cooling lithium ion battery in hybrid electric vehicles , 2013 .

[21]  Mao-Sung Wu,et al.  Heat dissipation design for lithium-ion batteries , 2002 .

[22]  Michael A. Danzer,et al.  Lithium plating in a commercial lithium-ion battery - A low-temperature aging study , 2015 .

[23]  T. Fuller,et al.  A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2011 .

[24]  A. Greco,et al.  A theoretical and computational study of lithium-ion battery thermal management for electric vehicles using heat pipes , 2014 .

[25]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Heat transfer and thermal management with PCMs in a Li-ion battery cell for electric vehicles , 2014 .

[26]  Chien-Yuh Yang,et al.  Experimental study on the hydrogen charge and discharge rates of metal hydride tanks using heat pipes to enhance heat transfer , 2013 .

[27]  Patrik Nemec,et al.  Mathematical model for heat transfer limitations of heat pipe , 2013, Math. Comput. Model..

[28]  Rui Zhao,et al.  An experimental study of heat pipe thermal management system with wet cooling method for lithium ion batteries , 2015 .

[29]  Bernard Sahut,et al.  Experimental investigation on heat pipe cooling for Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Electric Vehicle lithium-ion battery , 2014 .

[30]  Xiangming He,et al.  Electro-thermal modeling and experimental validation for lithium ion battery , 2012 .

[31]  Ahmad Pesaran,et al.  An Approach for Designing Thermal Management Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Battery Packs , 1999 .

[32]  Lip Huat Saw,et al.  Effect of thermal contact resistances on fast charging of large format lithium ion batteries , 2014 .

[33]  J. Selman,et al.  A novel thermal management system for electric vehicle batteries using phase-change material , 2000 .

[34]  Yonghuang Ye,et al.  Electro-thermal cycle life model for lithium iron phosphate battery , 2012 .

[35]  Yuying Yan,et al.  Recent developments of lightweight, high performance heat pipes , 2012 .

[36]  B. Li,et al.  Experimental investigation on EV battery cooling and heating by heat pipes , 2015 .

[37]  L. L. Vasiliev,et al.  Miniature heat-pipe thermal performance prediction tool – software development , 2001 .

[38]  Yuwen Zhang,et al.  Thermal management optimization of an air-cooled Li-ion battery module using pin-fin heat sinks for hybrid electric vehicles , 2015 .

[39]  Zhonghao Rao,et al.  Experimental investigation on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe , 2013 .

[40]  Jiang Fan,et al.  Studies on Charging Lithium-Ion Cells at Low Temperatures , 2006 .

[41]  Chih-Chung Chang,et al.  Heat pipe with PCM for electronic cooling , 2011 .

[42]  Lip Huat Saw,et al.  Numerical analyses on optimizing a heat pipe thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries during fast charging , 2015 .

[43]  Yonghuang Ye,et al.  Electrochemical–thermal analysis of 18650 Lithium Iron Phosphate cell , 2013 .

[44]  Rui Liu,et al.  Numerical and analytical modeling of lithium ion battery thermal behaviors with different cooling designs , 2013 .

[45]  Shwin-Chung Wong,et al.  Performance degradation of flattened heat pipes , 2013 .

[46]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  Modeling of passive thermal management for electric vehicle battery packs with PCM between cells , 2014 .

[47]  Adam Szczepanek,et al.  Fast Charging vs. Slow Charging: Pros and cons for the New Age of Electric Vehicles , 2009 .

[48]  Dennis W. Dees,et al.  Low-temperature study of lithium-ion cells using a LiySn micro-reference electrode , 2007 .

[49]  Amir Faghri,et al.  Heat Pipe Science And Technology , 1995 .