Optical angular momentum transfer to microrotors fabricated by two-photon photopolymerization

We design, fabricate and test optically driven microrotors a few microns in size. The rotors are trapped and rotated in optical tweezers using an LG02 Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam. We verify that we can accurately measure the total optical torque by measuring the spin angular momentum transfer for three different polarizations, by comparing the optical torque with the optical torque calculated using computational electrodynamics and the viscous drag torque determined from the rotation rate and computational fluid dynamics. The torque agrees with that expected from the design principles and electromagnetic modelling of the torque within the optical trap.

[1]  Larry D. Travis,et al.  Light scattering by nonspherical particles : theory, measurements, and applications , 1998 .

[2]  Koji Ikuta,et al.  Submicron manipulation tools driven by light in a liquid , 2003 .

[3]  Andrew G. White,et al.  Generation of optical phase singularities by computer-generated holograms. , 1992, Optics letters.

[4]  Scott Forth,et al.  Nanofabricated quartz cylinders for angular trapping: DNA supercoiling torque detection , 2007, Nature Methods.

[5]  Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Integrated optomechanical microelements. , 2007, Optics express.

[6]  Measurement of the total optical angular momentum transfer in optical tweezers. , 2006, Optics express.

[7]  J. P. Woerdman,et al.  Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. , 1992, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[8]  Fabrication of microstructures for optically driven micromachines using two-photon photopolymerization of UV curing resins , 2008, 0810.5585.

[9]  R. Gauthier.  Optical levitation and trapping of a micro-optic inclined end-surface cylindrical spinner. , 2001, Applied optics.

[10]  H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  erratum: Optical alignment and spinning of laser-trapped microscopic particles , 1998, Nature.

[11]  Shoji Maruo,et al.  Recent progress in multiphoton microfabrication , 2008 .

[12]  S. Kawata,et al.  Three-dimensional microfabrication with two-photon-absorbed photopolymerization. , 1997, Optics letters.

[13]  Johannes Courtial,et al.  Optically controlled three-dimensional rotation of microscopic objects , 2003 .

[14]  H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Optical alignment and spinning of laser-trapped microscopic particles , 1998, Nature.

[15]  Hiroo Ukita,et al.  A shuttlecock optical rotator-its design, fabrication and evaluation for a microfluidic mixer , 2002 .

[16]  Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Picoliter viscometry using optically rotated particles. , 2007, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[17]  H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Laser beams with phase singularities , 1992 .

[18]  Norman R. Heckenberg,et al.  Optical Particle Trapping with Higher-order Doughnut Beams Produced Using High Efficiency Computer Generated Holograms , 1995 .

[19]  Norman R. Heckenberg,et al.  Optical measurement of microscopic torques , 2001 .

[20]  Eiji Higurashi,et al.  Optically induced rotation of anisotropic micro‐objects fabricated by surface micromachining , 1994 .

[21]  M. Padgett,et al.  Limit to the orbital angular momentum per unit energy in a light beam that can be focussed onto a small particle , 2000 .

[22]  P. Waterman,et al.  SYMMETRY, UNITARITY, AND GEOMETRY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING. , 1971 .

[23]  H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Symmetry and the generation and measurement of optical torque , 2008, 0812.2039.

[24]  Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Optical microrheology using rotating laser-trapped particles. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[25]  H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Multipole Expansion of Strongly Focussed Laser Beams , 2003 .

[26]  Norman R. Heckenberg,et al.  Optical tweezers computational toolbox , 2007 .

[27]  P. Ormos,et al.  Integrated optical motor. , 2006, Applied optics.

[28]  K. Lee,et al.  Two‐photon stereolithography for realizing ultraprecise three‐dimensional nano/microdevices , 2009 .

[29]  He,et al.  Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[30]  Shoji Maruo,et al.  Optically driven micropump produced by three-dimensional two-photon microfabrication , 2006 .

[31]  H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  Optical application and measurement of torque on microparticles of isotropic nonabsorbing material , 2003, physics/0309122.

[32]  W Sibbett,et al.  Controlled Rotation of Optically Trapped Microscopic Particles , 2001, Science.

[33]  Norman R. Heckenberg,et al.  Optical torque and symmetry , 2004, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[34]  Hiroo Ukita,et al.  Optical tweezers and fluid characteristics of an optical rotator with slopes on the surface upon which light is incident and a cylindrical body. , 2003, Applied optics.

[35]  Pál Ormos,et al.  Complex micromachines produced and driven by light , 2001, CLEO 2002.

[36]  Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop,et al.  T-matrix calculation via discrete-dipole approximation, point matching and exploiting symmetry , 2008, 0812.2040.

[37]  Norman R. Heckenberg,et al.  Angular momentum of a strongly focused Gaussian beam , 2008 .

[38]  P. Chaikin,et al.  Light streak tracking of optically trapped thin microdisks. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[39]  H. Inaba,et al.  Optical trapping and rotational manipulation of microscopic particles and biological cells using higher-order mode Nd:YAG laser beams , 1991 .

[40]  J. Strickler,et al.  Three-dimensional optical data storage in refractive media by two-photon point excitation. , 1991, Optics letters.

[41]  S. Chu,et al.  Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles. , 1986, Optics letters.

[42]  Pál Ormos,et al.  Rotors produced and driven in laser tweezers with reversed direction of rotation , 2002 .

[43]  Carlos Bustamante,et al.  Recent advances in optical tweezers. , 2008, Annual review of biochemistry.

[44]  Optical measurement of torque exerted on an elongated object by a noncircular laser beam , 2004, physics/0403008.

[45]  W. Denk,et al.  Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. , 1990, Science.