The story of Bioglass®

Historically the function of biomaterials has been to replace diseased or damaged tissues. First generation biomaterials were selected to be as bio-inert as possible and thereby minimize formation of scar tissue at the interface with host tissues. Bioactive glasses were discovered in 1969 and provided for the first time an alternative; second generation, interfacial bonding of an implant with host tissues. Tissue regeneration and repair using the gene activation properties of Bioglass® provide a third generation of biomaterials. This article reviews the 40 year history of the development of bioactive glasses, with emphasis on the first composition, 45S5 Bioglass®, that has been in clinical use since 1985. The steps of discovery, characterization, in vivo and in vitro evaluation, clinical studies and product development are summarized along with the technology transfer processes.

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[64]  L. Hench,et al.  Bioactive response of Ag-doped tape cast Bioglass® 45S5 following heat treatment , 2001, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[65]  J. Polak,et al.  Enhanced derivation of osteogenic cells from murine embryonic stem cells after treatment with ionic dissolution products of 58S bioactive sol-gel glass. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

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[73]  S D Cook,et al.  Implant-bone interface characteristics of bioglass dental implants. , 1980, Journal of biomedical materials research.

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[75]  J. Polak,et al.  Ionic products of bioactive glass dissolution increase proliferation of human osteoblasts and induce insulin-like growth factor II mRNA expression and protein synthesis. , 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[76]  X Zhang,et al.  Bone induction by porous glass ceramic made from Bioglass (45S5). , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[77]  P. Laippala,et al.  Clinical follow-up method for frontal sinus obliteration with bioactive glass S53P4. , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

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[80]  E. J. Eschbach,et al.  Assessment of resorbable bioactive material for grafting of critical‐size cancellous defects , 2000, Journal of Orthopaedic Research.

[81]  L L Hench,et al.  Toxicology and biocompatibility of bioglasses. , 1981, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[82]  L. Hench,et al.  Bacteriostatic action of a novel four-component bioactive glass. , 2000, Journal of biomedical materials research.