Properties, performance and current status of the laminated electrochromic glass of Gesimat

In the last 10 years Gesimat has developed a large-area electrochromic glazing with an advanced polymer electrolyte and tungsten oxide and Prussian Blue as complementary electrochromic layers. This electrochromic glass has a switching range between 75% and 8% visible transmittance and between 56% and 6% solar transmittance. The polymer electrolyte is based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a polymer in use as an interlayer for laminated safety glass since more than 60 years. The electrochromic films are deposited by a new large-area electrodeposition process. For lamination the standard methods of laminated safety glass production can be used.

[1]  Satyen K. Deb,et al.  Reminiscences on the discovery of electrochromic phenomena in transition metal oxides , 1995 .

[2]  B. Scrosati,et al.  Laminated Electrochromic Windows Based on Nickel Oxide, Tungsten Oxide, and Gel Electrolytes , 1994 .

[3]  Sehee Lee,et al.  Cyclic environmental testing of electrochromic window devices , 2001 .

[4]  R. D. Rauh,et al.  High coloration efficiency electrochromics and their application to multi-color devices , 2001 .

[5]  Zuhong Lu,et al.  An all-solid-state electrochromic display device of prussian blue and WO3 particulate film with a PMMA gel electrolyte , 1997 .

[6]  A. Azens,et al.  Proton conducting polymer composites for electrochromic devices , 1999 .

[7]  Claes G. Granqvist,et al.  Handbook of inorganic electrochromic materials , 1995 .

[8]  S. K. Deb.  Optical and photoelectric properties and colour centres in thin films of tungsten oxide , 1973 .

[9]  Zuhong Lu,et al.  All solid-state electrochromic window of electrodeposited WO3 and prussian blue film with PVC gel electrolyte , 1998 .

[10]  A. Rauh,et al.  Composite Coloration Efficiency Measurements of Electrochromic Polymers Based on 3,4-Alkylenedioxythiophenes , 2002 .

[11]  T. Pauporté.  A Simplified Method for WO3 Electrodeposition. , 2003 .

[12]  K. Ho,et al.  Tungsten Oxide‐Prussian Blue Electrochromic System Based on a Proton‐Conducting Polymer Electrolyte , 1994 .

[13]  H. Tada,et al.  Electrochromic windows using a solid polymer electrolyte , 1987 .

[14]  F. Aleo,et al.  Optical and energetic performances of an electrochromic window tested in a “PASSYS” cell , 2001 .

[15]  Ronaldo C. Faria,et al.  Electrochemical oxidation of o-aminophenol in aqueous acidic medium: formation of film and soluble products , 2000 .

[16]  Junichi Nagai,et al.  Durability evaluation of electrochromic devices – an industry perspective , 1999 .

[17]  Anilesh Kumar,et al.  Rational design of an electrochromic polymer with high contrast in the visible region: dibenzyl substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) , 2001 .

[18]  T. Pauporté.  A Simplified Method for WO 3 Electrodeposition , 2002 .

[19]  C. Lampert.  Smart switchable glazing for solar energy and daylight control , 1998 .

[20]  A. Kraft,et al.  Similarities between electrochromic windows and thin film batteries , 2002 .

[21]  M. Fujita,et al.  Solid-state electrochromic devices composed of Prussian blue, WO/sub 3/, and poly(ethylene oxide)-polysiloxane hybrid-type ionic conducting membrane , 1988 .

[22]  A. Kraft,et al.  Electrodeposition and electrochromic properties of N-ethyl substituted poly (3,4 -ethylenedioxypyrrole) , 2007 .

[23]  Vernon D. Neff,et al.  Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction of Thin Films of Prussian Blue , 1978 .

[24]  R. David Rauh,et al.  Electrochromic windows: an overview , 1999 .

[25]  N. Oyama,et al.  Electrochromic display device of tungsten trioxide and prussian blue films using polymer gel electrolyte of methacrylate , 1995 .

[26]  K. Bange,et al.  Colouration of tungsten oxide films: A model for optically active coatings , 1999 .

[27]  C. Lampert.  Optical switching technology for glazings , 1993 .

[28]  Alexander Kraft,et al.  Large-area electrochromic glazing with ion-conducting PVB interlayer and two complementary electrodeposited electrochromic layers , 2006 .

[29]  M. Carpenter,et al.  A tungsten-trioxide/prussian blue complementary electrochromic cell with a polymer electrolyte , 1991 .

[30]  Heung Cho Ko,et al.  Systematic prediction of maximum electrochromic contrast of an electrochromic material , 2005 .

[31]  E. Meulenkamp.  Mechanism of WO3 electrodeposition from peroxy-tungstate solution , 1997 .

[32]  M. Eckhoff,et al.  Electrochromism in the mixed-valence hexacyanides. 1. Voltammetric and spectral studies of the oxidation and reduction of thin films of Prussian blue , 1981 .

[33]  J. Randin.  Ion‐Containing Polymers as Semisolid Electrolytes in WO 3 ‐ Based Electrochromic Devices , 1982 .

[34]  C. Lampert,et al.  Electrochromic materials and devices for energy-efficient windows. [161 references] , 1984 .

[35]  Claes-Göran Granqvist,et al.  Electrochromic tungsten oxide films: Review of progress 1993–1998 , 2000 .

[36]  David K. Benson,et al.  Durability issues and service lifetime prediction of electrochromic windows for buildings applications , 1999 .