Review: Secondary flows and losses in cascades and axial-flow turbomachines

Abstract Numerous empirical and semi-empirical relations have been used to evaluate the secondary losses in turbomachines. This paper brings these correlations together and discusses their validity. The nature and extent of tip clearance flow and the associated losses are briefly reviewed. Investigations which may help the turbomachinery designer to minimize the secondary losses are mentioned and the need for further work on some topics is indicated.

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