Trends and potentials in flow injection on-line separation and preconcentration techniques for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract Recent progress in flow injection on-line separation and preconcentration techniques for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) are reviewed, stressing the advancements made within the past 2 or 3 years. Important trends and potentials for future development are discussed, including the use of air-transport and air-segmentation in on-line separation systems, the use of knotted reactors as a sorption medium, and other designs for on-line coprecipitation and solvent extraction systems to improve the robustness and efficiency of on-line separation systems for ETAAS.

[1]  Z. Fang,et al.  Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of molybdenum in water, human hair and high-purity reagents with flow injection on-line coprecipitation preconcentration , 1995 .

[2]  F. Adams,et al.  Selective flow injection sorbent extraction for determination of cadmium, copper and lead in biological and environmental samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry , 1994 .

[3]  Freddy C. Adams,et al.  Determination of cadmium, copper and lead in environmental samples. An evaluation of flow injection on-line sorbent extraction for flame atomic absorption spectrometry , 1994 .

[4]  Yu-Hsiang Sung,et al.  Automated On-line Preconcentration System for Electrothermal AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry for the Determination of Copper and Molybdenum inSea-water , 1997 .

[5]  Liping Dong,et al.  Flow injection on-line coprecipitation preconcentration for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry , 1992 .

[6]  Shang-da Huang,et al.  Determination of lead in sea-water with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and an improved automatic on-line pre-concentration system , 1995 .

[7]  M. Sperling,et al.  Analysis of high-purity reagents using automatic on-line column preconcentration-separation and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry , 1993 .

[8]  Herbert L. Lancaster,et al.  Trace metal atomic absorption spectrometric analysis utilizing sorbent extraction on polymeric-based supports and renewable reagents , 1994 .

[9]  G. Christian,et al.  Sequential-injection extraction for sample preparation , 1997 .

[10]  S. Hirata,et al.  Trace metal enrichment by automated on-line column preconcentration for flow-injection atomic absorption spectrometry , 1989 .

[11]  L. Danielsson,et al.  Sample work-up for graphite furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry using continuous flow extraction , 1984 .

[12]  H. Matusiewicz,et al.  Atomic spectrometric detection of hydride forming elements following in situ trapping within a graphite furnace , 1996 .

[13]  K. Yeung,et al.  Solvent extraction-flow injection without phase separation through the use of the differential flow velocities within the segmented flow , 1994 .

[14]  Xiu‐Ping Yan,et al.  Flow Injection On-line Sorption Separation and Preconcentration With a Knotted Reactor for Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead in Biological and Environmental Samples , 1997 .

[15]  Z. Fang,et al.  Fundamental and practical considerations in the design of on-line column preconcentration for flow-injection atomic spectrometric systems , 1987 .

[16]  F. Fernández,et al.  Fully automatic on-line separation preconcentration system for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry: determination of cadmium and lead in sea-water. , 1997, The Analyst.

[17]  Xiu‐Ping Yan,et al.  Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead in high-purity reagents with flow-injection on-line microcolumn preconcentration and separation using a macrocycle immobilized silica gel sorbent , 1996 .

[18]  R. Sturgeon,et al.  Determination of trace metals in seawater by graphite furnace atomic absorption following on-line separation and preconcentration , 1993 .

[19]  Z. Fang,et al.  Determination of cadmium in biological materials by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with flow-injection on-line sorption preconcentration. , 1994, Talanta.

[20]  Xiu‐Ping Yan,et al.  Investigation of on-line coupling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with flow injection sorption preconcentration using a knotted reactor for totally automatic determination of lead in water samples , 1996 .

[21]  Z. Fang,et al.  Flow Injection Atomic Absorption Spectrometry , 1995 .

[22]  E. Beinrohr,et al.  Design and evaluation of an on-line microcolumn pre-concentration technique for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry , 1989 .

[23]  M. Sperling,et al.  Flow injection on-line sorbent extraction pre-concentration for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry , 1990 .

[24]  F. Adams,et al.  Determination of (ultra)trace amounts of antimony(III) in water by flow injection on-line sorption preconcentration in a knotted reactor coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry , 1996 .

[25]  G. Tao,et al.  On-line flow injection solvent extraction for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry: Determination of nickel in biological samples , 1995 .

[26]  Xiu‐Ping Yan,et al.  Determination of Thallium in River Sediment by Flow Injection On-line Sorption Preconcentration in a Knotted Reactor Coupled With Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry , 1997 .

[27]  M. Sperling,et al.  Flow injection on-line separation and preconcentration for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 2. Determination of ultra-trace amounts of cobalt in water , 1991 .

[28]  G. Tao,et al.  dual stage preconcentration system for flame atomic absorption spectrometry using flow injection on-line ion-exchange followed by solvent extraction , 1998 .

[29]  P. Oliveira,et al.  Separation and preconcentration by flow injection coupled to tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry , 1996 .

[30]  E. Mentasti,et al.  Determination of ultra-trace levels of metal ions in sea-water with on-line pre-concentration and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry , 1991 .

[31]  M. Schuster,et al.  Selective determination of palladium by on-line column preconcentration and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry , 1996 .

[32]  F. Adams,et al.  Determination of Cd, Cu, and Pb in estuarine water and fertilizers by graphite furnace AAS with flow injection sorbent extraction , 1996 .

[33]  Shang-da Huang,et al.  Automatic on-line preconcentration system for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of trace metals in sea water , 1993 .

[34]  Yu-Hsiang Sung,et al.  Use of Muromac A-1 chelating resin for determination of copper and molybdenum in seawater by atomic absorption with on-line preconcentration , 1997 .