The Organizational Complex: Architecture, Media, and Corporate Space

This is a historical and theoretical analysis of corporate architecture in the United States after World War II. Its title refers to the aesthetic and technological extension of the military-industrial complex, in which architecture, computers and corporations formed a network of objects, images and discourses that realigned social relations and transformed the postwar landscape. In-depth case studies of architect Eero Saarinen's work for General Motors, IBM and Bell Laboratories and analyses of office buildings designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill trace the emergence of a systems-based model of organization in architecture, in which the modular curtain wall acts as both an organizational device and a carrier of the corporate image. Such an image - of the corporation as a flexible, integrated system - is seen to correspond with a "humanization" of corporate life, as corporations decentralize both spatially and administratively. Parallel analyses follow the assimilation of cybernetics into aesthetics in the writings of artist and visual theorist Gyorgy Kepes, as art merges with techno-science in the service of a dynamic new "pattern-seeing". Image and system thus converge in the organizational complex, while top-down power dissolves into networked, pattern-based control. Architecture, as one among many media technologies, supplies the patterns - images of organic integration designed to regulate new and unstable human-machine assemblages.