AR-RBFS: Aware-Routing Protocol Based on Recursive Best-First Search Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy issue is one of the most important problems in wireless sensor networks. They consist of low-power sensor nodes and a few base station nodes. They must be adaptive and efficient in data transmission to sink in various areas. This paper proposes an aware-routing protocol based on clustering and recursive search approaches. The paper focuses on the energy efficiency issue with various measures such as prolonging network lifetime along with reducing energy consumption in the sensor nodes and increasing the system reliability. Our proposed protocol consists of two phases. In the first phase (network development phase), the sensors are placed into virtual layers. The second phase (data transmission) is related to routes discovery and data transferring so it is based on virtual-based Classic-RBFS algorithm in the lake of energy problem environments but, in the nonchargeable environments, all nodes in each layer can be modeled as a random graph and then begin to be managed by the duty cycle method. Additionally, the protocol uses new topology control, data aggregation, and sleep/wake-up schemas for energy saving in the network. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol is optimal in the network lifetime and packet delivery parameters according to the present protocols.

[1]  Abdelfettah Belghith,et al.  LEATCH: Low Energy Adaptive Tier Clustering Hierarchy , 2015, ANT/SEIT.

[2]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2002, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[3]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[4]  Adnan Yazici,et al.  MOFCA: Multi-objective fuzzy clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks , 2015, Appl. Soft Comput..

[5]  Sinchan Roychowdhury,et al.  Geographic Adaptive Fidelity and Geographic Energy Aware Routing in Ad Hoc Routing , 2010 .

[6]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences- 2000 Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks , 2022 .

[7]  Miklós Maróti,et al.  Directed Flood-Routing Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2004, Middleware.

[8]  Amjad Mehmood,et al.  SALMA: An Efficient State-Based Hybrid Routing Protocol for Mobile Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2016, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[9]  Mahmoud Naghibzadeh,et al.  Improving on HEED protocol of wireless sensor networks using non probabilistic approach and fuzzy logic (HEED-NPF) , 2010, 2010 5th International Symposium on Telecommunications.

[10]  Karim Djouani,et al.  A competing algorithm for gradient based routing protocol in wireless sensor networks , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems (WINSYS).

[11]  Wheeler Ruml,et al.  Recursive Best-First Search with Bounded Overhead , 2015, AAAI.

[12]  Nishi Sharma,et al.  Energy Efficient LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network , 2013 .

[13]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2002, Comput. Networks.

[14]  Christos Douligeris,et al.  Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Balanced Clustering , 2013, Algorithms.

[15]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  A Taxonomy of Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2008, 2008 International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks (i-span 2008).

[16]  Anand Nayyar,et al.  A Comprehensive Review of Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2014 .

[17]  M. R. Tripathy,et al.  Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2012, 2012 Second International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies.

[18]  Dimitrios D. Vergados,et al.  Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[19]  Mario Di Francesco,et al.  Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey , 2009, Ad Hoc Networks.

[20]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks: a survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[21]  Xiaowen Ma,et al.  Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network , 2013 .

[22]  Nima Ghazanfari Motlagh,et al.  A LEACH-Based Clustering Algorithm for Optimizing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2022 .

[23]  Farzad Kiani.  A novel channel allocation method for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks , 2016 .

[24]  R. B. Ahmad,et al.  Enhancement of wireless sensor network lifetime with mobile base station using particle swarm optimization , 2015 .

[25]  S. Singh,et al.  Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks - A Survey , 2010 .

[26]  Sunil Taneja,et al.  A Survey of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2010 .

[27]  Mohammad Reza Zahabi,et al.  Optimizing LEACH clustering algorithm with mobile sink and rendezvous nodes , 2015 .

[28]  B. Shanthi,et al.  A Survey on Energy Efficient Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010 .

[29]  Fan Xiangning,et al.  Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2007).

[30]  Sandeep Sharma,et al.  An energy balanced QoS based cluster head selection strategy for WSN , 2014 .

[31]  Cem Ersoy,et al.  Distributed Mobile Sink Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[32]  Farzad Kiani,et al.  Efficient Intelligent Energy Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[33]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  Energy aware routing for low energy ad hoc sensor networks , 2002, 2002 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Record. WCNC 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8609).

[34]  Sergio D. Servetto,et al.  Constrained random walks on random graphs: routing algorithms for large scale wireless sensor networks , 2002, WSNA '02.