APDM: An adaptive multi-priority distributed multichannel MAC protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks in unsaturated conditions

Abstract Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) employ multichannel to provide a variety of safety and non-safety applications. Safety applications require reliable and timely transmission, while non-safety applications need high network throughput. IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 1609.4 protocol divide the bandwidth into seven channels. One control channel (CCH) is to serve safety applications and the other six service channels (SCHs) to serve non-safety applications. The IEEE 1609.4 protocol specifies an alternating scheme to allow vehicles to switch between two types of applications. However, the IEEE 1609.4 multichannel media access control (MAC) protocol has limitations on its capability of supporting either delay- or throughput-sensitive applications. In this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-priority distributed multichannel (APDM) MAC protocol for VANETs. Considering that in realistic VANETs, the queue of MAC layer is far from saturated. We assume that generated packets with different priorities arrive at the MAC layer in a Poisson manner. A Markov analytical model is conducted to optimize the packet transmission probabilities and adjust the ratio between CCH interval and SCH interval dynamically according to the real-time traffic in a distributed way. An M/M/1 queue model is then adopted to analyze the time performance. Extensive simulation results show that the APDM MAC protocol can ensure prioritized transmission of safety packets, reduce the transmission delay of packets and enhance the unsaturated and saturated throughput of SCHs.

[1]  Hazem H. Refai,et al.  Unsaturated Performance of IEEE 802.11 Broadcast Service in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[2]  Xiang Bai,et al.  Performance Optimization for IEEE 802.11 with QoS Differentiation Supporting: Performance Optimization for IEEE 802.11 with QoS Differentiation Supporting , 2011 .

[3]  Sok-Ian Sou,et al.  Modeling Emergency Messaging for Car Accident over Dichotomized Headway Model in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[4]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  VANET: Vehicular Applications and Inter-Networking Technologies , 2010, VANET.

[5]  Fred Daneshgaran,et al.  Unsaturated Throughput Analysis of IEEE 802.11 in Presence of Non Ideal Transmission Channel and Capture Effects , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[6]  D. Malone,et al.  Modeling the 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function in Nonsaturated Heterogeneous Conditions , 2007, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[7]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  Distributed Multichannel and Mobility-Aware Cluster-Based MAC Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[8]  Charles E. Rohrs,et al.  LIMERIC: A Linear Adaptive Message Rate Algorithm for DSRC Congestion Control , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[9]  Jon W. Mark,et al.  Performance Analysis and Enhancement of the DSRC for VANET's Safety Applications , 2013, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol..

[10]  Weihua Zhuang,et al.  Infotainment and road safety service support in vehicular networking: From a communication perspective , 2011 .

[11]  Xue Liu,et al.  Performance and Reliability Analysis of IEEE 802.11p Safety Communication in a Highway Environment , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[12]  Yan Zhang,et al.  Modeling Prioritized Broadcasting in Multichannel Vehicular Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[13]  Huirong Fu,et al.  A multi-priority supported p-persistent MAC protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[14]  Jamil Y. Khan,et al.  Joint space-division multiple access and adaptive rate control for basic safety messages in VANETs , 2014, 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[15]  Tae-Jin Lee,et al.  Coordinated Multichannel MAC Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[16]  Antonella Molinaro,et al.  Multichannel communications in vehicular Ad Hoc networks: a survey , 2013, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[17]  Hang Su,et al.  Clustering-Based Multichannel MAC Protocols for QoS Provisionings Over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[18]  Sumit Mallik.  Intelligent transportation system , 2013 .

[19]  Huirong Fu,et al.  An IEEE 802.11p-Based Multichannel MAC Scheme With Channel Coordination for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[20]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  Vehicular Networking: A Survey and Tutorial on Requirements, Architectures, Challenges, Standards and Solutions , 2011, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[21]  Theodore Antonakopoulos,et al.  CSMA/CA performance under high traffic conditions: throughput and delay analysis , 2002, Comput. Commun..

[22]  Li Li,et al.  VeMAC: A TDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Reliable Broadcast in VANETs , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[23]  Lin Zhang,et al.  A Scalable CSMA and Self-Organizing TDMA MAC for IEEE 802.11 p/1609.x in VANETs , 2014, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[24]  Harry J. F. Qiu,et al.  A Methodology for Studying 802.11p VANET Broadcasting Performance With Practical Vehicle Distribution , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[26]  Choong Seon Hong,et al.  An Efficient and Reliable MAC in VANETs , 2014, IEEE Communications Letters.

[27]  Rahim Tafazolli,et al.  Analytical Study of the IEEE 802.11p MAC Sublayer in Vehicular Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[28]  Weiwei Xia,et al.  An Adaptive Multi-Channel MAC Protocol with Dynamic Interval Division in Vehicular Environment , 2009, 2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering.

[29]  Mao Jian.  Performance Optimization for IEEE 802.11 with QoS Differentiation Supporting , 2010 .

[30]  Dongkyun Kim,et al.  Dynamic Channel Coordination Schemes for IEEE 802.11p/1609 Vehicular Networks: A Survey , 2013, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[31]  Xiaomin Ma,et al.  Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Broadcast Scheme in Ad Hoc Wireless LANs , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[32]  Rahim Tafazolli,et al.  A Novel Distributed Asynchronous Multichannel MAC Scheme for Large-Scale Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[33]  Yousef Darmani,et al.  Delay Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Based Ad-Hoc Network Under Unsaturated Condition , 2014, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[34]  Hongseok Yoo,et al.  A dynamic safety interval protocol for VANETs , 2012, RACS.

[35]  Sonia Aïssa,et al.  Performance modeling of message dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2010, IEEE 5th International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing 2010.