Examining the Symptoms of Groupthink and Retrospective Sensemaking

The symptoms of groupthink traditionally have been treated as part of a single process associated with poor decision making in groups. The present study explores the symptoms of groupthink as reflecting two distinct processes that vary depending on the confidence individuals have in the decision favored by the group. It is further argued that past research using qualitative approaches may produce an illusory correlation among the groupthink symptoms because of retrospective sensemaking occurring when individuals have evidence they have made a poor decision. An experiment, providing support for each of these contentions, is performed.

[1]  Richard A. Guzzo,et al.  Implicit theories and the evaluation of group process and performance , 1986 .

[2]  J. R. Larson,et al.  Leadership Style and the Discussion of Shared and Unshared Information in Decision-Making Groups , 1998 .

[3]  A. Pratkanis,et al.  Threat, Cohesion, and Group Effectiveness: Testing a Social Identity Maintenance Perspective on Groupthink , 1992 .

[4]  Clark McCauley,et al.  The nature of social influence in groupthink: Compliance and internalization. , 1989 .

[5]  Thomas R. Hensley,et al.  Victims of Groupthink , 1986 .

[6]  Louis Acculturation in the workplace : Newcomers as lay ethnographers , 1990 .

[7]  Matie L. Flowers A laboratory test of some implications of Janis's groupthink hypothesis. , 1977 .

[8]  J. Woelfel,et al.  Inertia in Cognitive Processes: The Role of Accumulated Information in Attitude Change , 1975 .

[9]  R. Lawson,et al.  Groupthink: Deciding with the Leader and The Devil , 1996 .

[10]  Rebecca J. Welch Cline Detecting groupthink: Methods for observing the illusion of unanimity , 1990 .

[11]  I. Janis Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Crisis Management , 1989 .

[12]  Carrie R. Leana A Partial Test of Janis' Groupthink Model: Effects of Group Cohesiveness and Leader Behavior on Defective Decision Making , 1985 .

[13]  David Dryden Henningsen,et al.  The Impact of Directive Leadership on Group Information Sampling, Decisions, and Perceptions of the Leader , 1999 .

[14]  Tobias Greitemeyer,et al.  Preference-consistent evaluation of information in the hidden profile paradigm: beyond group-level explanations for the dominance of shared information in group decisions. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[15]  D. D. Henningsen,et al.  It's Good to Be Leader: The Influence of Randomly and Systematically Selected Leaders on Decision-Making Groups. , 2004 .

[16]  T. Postmes,et al.  Quality of decision making and group norms. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[17]  Won-Woo Park,et al.  A comprehensive empirical investigation of the relationships among variables of the groupthink model , 2000 .

[18]  E. Fodor,et al.  The power motive as an influence on group decision making. , 1982 .

[19]  Garold Stasser,et al.  Computer simulation as a research tool: The DISCUSS model of group decision making , 1988 .

[20]  Franklin J. Boster,et al.  The Impact of Group Size and Proportion of Shared Information on the Exchange and Integration of Information in Groups , 1997 .

[21]  Marc D. Street Groupthink , 1997 .

[22]  D. V. Kreveld,et al.  MANAGING GROUP DECISION MAKING PROCESSES: INDIVIDUAL VERSUS COLLECTIVE ACCOUNTABILITY AND GROUPTHINK , 1991 .

[23]  J. K. Esser,et al.  Groupthink: Effects of cohesiveness and problem-solving procedures on group decision making , 1984 .

[24]  Ramon J. Aldag,et al.  Beyond fiasco: A reappraisal of the groupthink phenomenon and a new model of group decision processes. , 1993 .

[25]  Jin Nam Choi,et al.  The Organizational Application of Groupthink and Its Limitations in Organizations , 1999 .

[26]  G. Stasser,et al.  Pooling of Unshared Information in Group Decision Making: Biased Information Sampling During Discussion , 1985 .

[27]  Ramon J. Aldag,et al.  Organizational Tonypandy: Lessons from a Quarter Century of the Groupthink Phenomenon. , 1998, Organizational behavior and human decision processes.

[28]  J. R. Larson,et al.  Diagnosing groups: the pooling, management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in team-based medical decision making. , 1998, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[29]  David Dryden Henningsen,et al.  Examining Social Influence in Information-Sharing Contexts , 2003 .

[30]  John A. Courtright,et al.  A laboratory investigation of groupthink , 1978 .

[31]  I. Janis,et al.  Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment , 1977 .