G-protein-coupled receptors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: high-throughput screening assays for drug discovery.

G-protein-coupled receptors are an important class of therapeutic drug targets by virtue of their roles in the regulation of diverse cellular functions. Recent advances in the expression of heterologous G-protein-coupled receptors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have led to the development of sensitive and selective assays of their ligand-induced activation. Implementation of this new technology in the high-throughput screening of compound libraries has enabled the discovery of novel ligands for the G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptor. This article describes the broad applicability of the technology and its use in drug discovery.

[1]  J. Hirsch,et al.  Loss of sustained Fus3p kinase activity and the G1 arrest response in cells expressing an inappropriate pheromone receptor , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[2]  A. Milon,et al.  Expression and pharmacological characterization of the human μ‐opioid receptor in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris , 1996, FEBS letters.

[3]  J. Thorner,et al.  Model systems for the study of seven-transmembrane-segment receptors. , 1991, Annual review of biochemistry.

[4]  R. Lefkowitz,et al.  Production of adrenergic receptors in yeast. , 1996, Receptors & channels.

[5]  H. Niznik,et al.  The somatostatin receptor family. , 1995, Life sciences.

[6]  F. Cross,et al.  The Pheromone Receptors Inhibit the Pheromone Response Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a Process That Is Independent of Their Associated Ga! Protein , 2002 .

[7]  B. Errede,et al.  Constitutive mutants of the protein kinase STE11 activate the yeast pheromone response pathway in the absence of the G protein. , 1992, Genes & development.

[8]  B. Ozenberger,et al.  Functional coupling of a mammalian somatostatin receptor to the yeast pheromone response pathway , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[9]  J. Broach,et al.  Yeast alpha mating factor structure-activity relationship derived from genetically selected peptide agonists and antagonists of Ste2p , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[10]  M. Whiteway,et al.  Expression and pharmacological characterization of the human M1 muscarinic receptor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1990, FEBS letters.

[11]  M. Pausch,et al.  Identification and characterization of novel somatostatin antagonists. , 1996, Molecular pharmacology.

[12]  M. Pausch,et al.  Pharmacological characterization of the rat A2a adenosine receptor functionally coupled to the yeast pheromone response pathway. , 1996, Molecular pharmacology.

[13]  B. Futcher,et al.  Far1 and Fus3 Link the Mating Pheromone Signal Transduction Pathway to Three G1-Phase Cdc28 Kinase Complexes , 1993, Molecular and cellular biology.

[14]  I. Herskowitz,et al.  Identification of a gene necessary for cell cycle arrest by a negative growth factor of yeast: FAR1 is an inhibitor of a G1 cyclin, CLN2 , 1990, Cell.

[15]  C. Tate,et al.  Heterologous expression of G-protein-coupled receptors. , 1996, Trends in biotechnology.

[16]  J. Thorner,et al.  Control of yeast mating signal transduction by a mammalian beta 2-adrenergic receptor and Gs alpha subunit. , 1990, Science.

[17]  Gustav Ammerer,et al.  FAR1 links the signal transduction pathway to the cell cycle machinery in yeast , 1993, Cell.

[18]  Y. Kang,et al.  Effects of expression of mammalian G alpha and hybrid mammalian-yeast G alpha proteins on the yeast pheromone response signal transduction pathway , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[19]  S. Rees,et al.  G16 as a universal G protein adapter: implications for agonist screening strategies. , 1996, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[20]  I. Herskowitz MAP kinase pathways in yeast: For mating and more , 1995, Cell.

[21]  C. Liao,et al.  Functional expression of rat M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in yeast. , 1992, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[22]  A. Ficca,et al.  The human β 2‐adrenergic receptor expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe retains its pharmacological properties , 1995, FEBS letters.

[23]  H. Michel,et al.  Expression of the human D2S dopamine receptor in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe: A comparative study , 1994, FEBS letters.

[24]  H. Hamm,et al.  The 2.0 Å crystal structure of a heterotrimeric G protein , 1996, Nature.

[25]  S. Arkinstall,et al.  Co‐expression of the neurokinin NK2 receptor and G‐protein components in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , 1995, FEBS letters.

[26]  H. Michel,et al.  Expression of functional mouse 5‐HT5A serotonin receptor in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris: pharmacological characterization and localization , 1995, FEBS letters.

[27]  J. Broach,et al.  High-throughput screening for drug discovery. , 1996, Nature.

[28]  S. Sprang,et al.  The structure of the G protein heterotrimer Giα1 β 1 γ 2 , 1995, Cell.

[29]  J. Massagué TGF-beta signal transduction. , 1998, Annual review of biochemistry.

[30]  M. Lerner,et al.  Tools for investigating functional interactions between ligands and G-protein-coupled receptors , 1994, Trends in Neurosciences.

[31]  J. Thorner,et al.  RGS Proteins and Signaling by Heterotrimeric G Proteins* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.