Status Characteristics and Expectation States: A Process Model

Research for this paper was conducted with the support of NSF grant #G23990־ for investigation of authority and evaluation structures, and a Ford Foundation grant to the Stanford Graduate School of Business for in­ vestigation of conflict in Staff-Line structures. Ue would like gratefully to acknowledge the help given us by Bo Anderson, Sanford M. Dornbusch, James C. Moore, Robert V. Norman, and W, Richard Scott.