Remote Sensing of Forests Over Time

Forest change happens constantly at different spatial scales. At the individual tree level, the biochemical and biophysical properties may vary according to environmental conditions; physical appearance such as colour and size may change due to phenology or human disturbance. At the stand level, the structure of forest canopies may change in terms of horizontal measures of canopy closure and gap size and shape and vertical measures of number of layers of understorey, height of each storey, etc. At the watershed level, forest ecosystem change can be evaluated by different landscape measurements such as fragmentation indices, matrix and corridor structure and system complexity. Changes at even larger scales are usually caused by human-induced environmental changes and climate changes.

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