Class-Size Effects in School Systems Around the World: Evidence from Between-Grade Variation in Timss

To be able to accept high-voltage pulses, in the order of 70 kV, required for re-starting a hot high-power high-pressure discharge lamp, having a power rating, for example, of 6 kW and up, including 12 kW, a ceramic base is provided with auxiliary mica strips or plates (13) positioned between part of the terminal posts or pins, and especially in the region of retentions flanges or rims formed thereon, and extending up to about the end portion (4a) of a pinch or press seal, into which connection leads extend, connected to the pins or posts. The additional mica strips or plates (13), for example located on both sides of a central separating strip (10), retained in suitable grooves or slots (14) formed in the base effectively prevent arc-over, creep currents and corona discharge between the terminal pins or posts (8a, 8b), the circumferentially projecting flanges or rims (16a, 16b) and the connected current supply leads (7a, 7b). Typically, the pins or posts are closer together than the current leads (7a, 7b) at their point of entry into the pinch or press-sealed end (4a) of the lamp bulb (4).

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