Introduction of low probability of recognition to radar system classification

This paper proposes the addition of low probability of recognition (LPR) to the electronic warfare classification of radar systems. LPR radars focus on deceiving electronic support (ES) receivers by selecting waveforms which are agile in their parameter spaces, or by mimicking existing transmitters. LPR provides an additional mechanism to achieve covert operation in a way which builds on low probability of interception (LPI) and low probability of detection (LPD) techniques. The challenges and opportunities of LPR techniques are considered, and some examples of existing waveforms which are suitable for LPR radars are provided.

[1]  J. A. Malas F-22 radar development , 1997, Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1997.

[2]  Jd Vlok,et al.  Non-cooperative detection of weak spread-spectrum signals in AWGN , 2012 .

[3]  Reda Zemmari,et al.  GSM passive coherent location system: performance prediction and measurement evaluation , 2014 .

[4]  D.C. Schleher,et al.  LPI radar: fact or fiction , 2006, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[5]  D. Poullin Passive detection using digital broadcasters (DAB, DVB) with COFDM modulation , 2005 .

[6]  Bin Tang,et al.  Automatic modulation classification of radar signals using the Rihaczek distribution and hough transform , 2012 .

[7]  M. R. Inggs,et al.  FM band commensal radar technology used for the detection of small aircraft and the measurement of propeller modulation , 2015, 2015 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarCon).

[8]  K. Konopko A detection algorithm of LPI radar signals , 2007, Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications SPA 2007.

[9]  C. A. Smith The B-2 radar , 1991, Conference Record AUTOTESTCON '91 IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference Improving Systems Effectiveness in the Changing Environment of the '90s.

[10]  Hugh Griffiths,et al.  Advances in Bistatic Radar , 2007 .

[11]  Michael R. Inggs,et al.  Stepped OFDM radar technique to resolve range and doppler simultaneously , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[12]  Phillip E. Pace,et al.  Detecting and Classifying Low Probability of Intercept Radar , 2009 .

[13]  James D. Taylor,et al.  Ultrawideband Radar: Applications and Design , 2012 .

[14]  Antonio De Maio,et al.  Intrapulse radar-embedded communications via multiobjective optimization , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[15]  H. Kuschel,et al.  Approaching 80 years of passive radar , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Radar.

[16]  Noble Frankland,et al.  Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days , 1960 .

[17]  Filippo Neri Introduction to electronic defense systems , 1991 .

[18]  Stephen J. Searle,et al.  DVB-T Passive Radar Signal Processing , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[19]  G. Schrick,et al.  Interception of LPI radar signals , 1990, IEEE International Conference on Radar.

[20]  Andrew Gerald Stove,et al.  Low probability of intercept radar strategies , 2004 .

[21]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Adaptive Design of OFDM Radar Signal With Improved Wideband Ambiguity Function , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[22]  Shannon D. Blunt,et al.  Analysis of symbol-design strategies for intrapulse radar-embedded communications , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[23]  Jon Rigelsford,et al.  Introduction to Airborne Radar, 2nd ed. , 2002 .

[24]  Fabiola Colone,et al.  Parasitic Exploitation of Wi-Fi Signals for Indoor Radar Surveillance , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[25]  Mohammad Mahdi Nayebi,et al.  LPD feature improvement in random PRF radar signals , 2004 .

[26]  Chris Baker,et al.  Passive coherent location radar systems. Part 2: waveform properties , 2005 .

[27]  Riccardo Ardoino,et al.  LPI Radar detection: SNR performances for a dual channel Cross-Correlation based ESM Receiver , 2009, 2009 European Radar Conference (EuRAD).

[28]  F.C. Robey,et al.  MIMO radar theory and experimental results , 2004, Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004..

[29]  H. Griffiths,et al.  Passive coherent location radar systems. Part 1: performance prediction , 2005 .

[30]  J. E. Cilliers,et al.  On the detectability of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar signals using conventional Electronic warfare support (ES) receivers , 2015, 2015 IEEE Radar Conference.

[31]  Marie̅tte Conning,et al.  Analysis of measured radar data for Specific Emitter Identification , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radar Conference.