In vivo Multiphoton Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Free and Protein-Bound NADH in Normal and Pre-Cancerous Epithelia

Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a three-dimensional functional imaging technique with cellular resolution. Multiphoton FLIM of the endogenous metabolic coenzyme NADH was utilized for the non-invasive characterization of epithelial pre-cancers.