The Act on inventions at public research institutions: Danish universities' patenting activity

SummaryThis paper focuses on the Danish Act No. 347 of 1999, which granted IPRs on inventions at public research institutions to the institutions themselves. After summarizing the situation in Denmark prior to the new law, I describe the Act's main features and then I turn my attention to the solutions adopted by Danish academia to face the opportunities and challenges posed by the new situation. Finally, using a unique dataset including all patents filed by Danish universities from 1982 to 2003, I describe university patenting activity.

[1]  Nicolas Carayol,et al.  Does research organization influence academic production?: Laboratory level evidence from a large European university , 2004 .

[2]  Rebecca Henderson,et al.  Special Issue on University Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer: Putting Patents in Context: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from MIT , 2002, Manag. Sci..

[3]  Marie C. Thursby,et al.  Objectives, Characteristics and Outcomes of University Licensing: A Survey of Major U.S. Universities , 2001 .

[4]  Jerry G. Thursby,et al.  Special Issue on University Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer: Who Is Selling the Ivory Tower? Sources of Growth in University Licensing , 2002, Manag. Sci..

[5]  R. Nelson The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research , 1959, Journal of Political Economy.

[6]  Andrea Piccaluga,et al.  Attività brevettuale degli enti pubblici di ricerca italiani. Un'analisi sul periodo 1982-2001 , 2001 .

[7]  H. Etzkowitz Research groups as ???quasi-firms???: the invention of the entrepreneurial university , 2003 .

[8]  Andrea Piccaluga,et al.  L’attività brevettuale degli enti pubblici di ricerca in Italia ed in Europa. Rilevante? In crescita? Utile? , 2003 .

[9]  Martin Kenney,et al.  The role of social embeddedness in professorial entrepreneurship: a comparison of electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley and Stanford , 2004 .

[10]  Joaquín María Azagra Caro,et al.  University patents: output and input indicators … of what? , 2003 .

[11]  Joseph Friedman,et al.  University Technology Transfer: Do Incentives, Management, and Location Matter? , 2003 .

[12]  Arvids A. Ziedonis,et al.  The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh–Dole act of 1980 , 2001 .

[13]  M. Trajtenberg,et al.  Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 19651988 , 1995, Review of Economics and Statistics.

[14]  Arvids A. Ziedonis,et al.  Changes in university patent quality after the Bayh-Dole act: a re-examination , 2003 .

[15]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  The Economics of Knowledge Production: Funding and the Structure of University Research , 1999 .

[16]  Magnus Klofsten,et al.  Book Review: Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spin-offs and Wealth Creation , 2005 .

[17]  Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie,et al.  What Patent Data Reveal about Universities: The Case of Belgium , 2003 .

[18]  Nathan Rosenberg,et al.  Designing Efficient Institutions for Science-Based Entrepreneurship: Lesson from the US and Sweden , 2007 .

[19]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  The Economics of Knowledge Production , 1999 .

[20]  Rosa Grimaldi,et al.  Institutional Changes and the Commercialization of Academic Knowledge: A Study of Italian Universities' Patenting Activities Between 1965 and 2002 , 2006 .

[21]  V. Bush Science, the Endless Frontier , 1999, Science, the Endless Frontier.

[22]  Y. Lee,et al.  'TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER' AND THE RESEARCH UNIVERSITY : A SEARCH FOR THE BOUNDARIES OF UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION , 1996 .

[23]  Benjamin Coriat,et al.  Establishing a new intellectual property rights regime in the United States: Origins, content and problems , 2002 .

[24]  H. Etzkowitz,et al.  The Future of the University and the University of the Future: Evolution of Ivory Tower to Entrepreneurial Paradigm , 2000 .

[25]  Mats A. Lundqvist,et al.  Entrepreneurial transformations in the Swedish University system: The case of Chalmers University of Technology , 2003 .

[26]  Henry Etzkowitz,et al.  The Future Location of Research and Technology Transfer , 1999 .

[27]  Edwin Mansfield,et al.  Academic research and industrial innovation , 1991 .

[28]  D. Trune,et al.  University Technology Transfer Programs: A Profit/Loss Analysis , 1998 .

[29]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  University Patenting and its Effects on Academic Research , 2003 .

[30]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  The Changing Rationale for European University Research Funding: Are There Negative Unintended Consequences? , 2001 .

[31]  L Striukova Corporate governance, market structure and innovation , 2005 .

[32]  R. Nelson,et al.  American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry , 1994 .

[33]  K. Arrow Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention , 1962 .

[34]  Richard A. Jensen,et al.  The Disclosure and Licensing of University Inventions , 2003 .

[35]  Magnus Henrekson,et al.  Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Policies Towards the Commercialization of University Intellectual Property , 2003 .

[36]  S. Breschi,et al.  Networks of inventors and the role of academia: an exploration of Italian patent data , 2004 .

[37]  Tom Coupé,et al.  Science Is Golden: Academic R&D and University Patents , 2003 .

[38]  Finn Valentin Danske virksomheders brug af offentlig forskning: En casebaseret undersøgelse , 2000 .

[39]  B. Looy,et al.  Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect? , 2004 .

[40]  M. Schmiemann,et al.  New Approaches to Technology Transfer from Publicly Funded Research , 2003 .

[41]  J. Wallmark,et al.  Inventions and patents at universities: the case of Chalmers University of Technology , 1997 .

[42]  Martin Meyer,et al.  Academic patents as an indicator of useful research? A new approach to measure academic inventiveness , 2003 .

[43]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  The Internationalisation of European Universities: A Return to Medieval Roots , 1998 .

[44]  Eleftherios Sapsalis,et al.  Insight into the patenting performance of Belgian universities , 2003 .

[45]  Irwin Feller,et al.  Universities as engines of R&D-based economic growth: They think they can , 1990 .

[46]  U. Schmoch,et al.  Science-based technologies: university-industry interactions in four fields , 1998 .

[47]  E. Roberts Benchmarking Global Strategic Management of Technology , 2001 .

[48]  Michael Gibbons,et al.  Introduction: `Mode 2' Revisited: The New Production of Knowledge , 2003 .

[49]  Richard R. Nelson,et al.  Observations on the Post-Bayh-Dole Rise of Patenting at American Universities , 2001 .

[50]  Mark A. Schankerman,et al.  Incentives and Invention in Universities , 2003 .

[51]  Stefano Breschi,et al.  Open Science and University Patenting: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Italian Case , 2006 .

[52]  Martin Meyer,et al.  Towards hybrid Triple Helix indicators: A study of university-related patents and a survey of academic inventors , 2003, Scientometrics.

[53]  Alberto Di Minin,et al.  Commercializing the laboratory: the relationship between faculty patenting and publishing , 2004 .

[54]  Koenraad Debackere,et al.  Entrepreneurial universities and the dynamics of academic knowledge production: A case study of basic vs. applied research in Belgium , 2003, Scientometrics.

[55]  David C. Mowery,et al.  Learning to Patent: Institutional Experience, Learning, and the Characteristics of U.S. University Patents After the Bayh-Dole Act, 1981-1992 , 2002 .

[56]  Andrea Bonaccorsi Il sistema della ricerca pubblica in Italia , 2003 .