The Type Ia Supernova 2004S, a Clone of SN 2001el, and the Optimal Photometric Bands for Extinction Estimation

We present optical (UBVRI) and near-IR (YJHK) photometry of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN) 2004S. We also present eight optical spectra and one near-IR spectrum of SN 2004S. The light curves and spectra are nearly identical to those of SN 2001el. This is the first time we have seen optical and IR light curves of two Type Ia SNe match so closely. Within the one parameter family of light curves for normal Type Ia SNe, that two objects should have such similar light curves implies that they had identical intrinsic colors and produced similar amounts of 56Ni. From the similarities of the light-curve shapes we obtain a set of extinctions as a function of wavelength that allows a simultaneous solution for the distance modulus difference of the two objects, the difference of the host galaxy extinctions, and RV. Since SN 2001el had roughly an order of magnitude more host galaxy extinction than SN 2004S, the value of RV = 2.15 pertains primarily to dust in the host galaxy of SN 2001el. We have also shown via Monte Carlo simulations that adding rest-frame J-band photometry to the complement of BVRI photometry of Type Ia SNe decreases the uncertainty in the distance modulus by a factor of 2.7. A combination of rest-frame optical and near-IR photometry clearly gives more accurate distances than using rest-frame optical photometry alone.

[1]  D. Kasen.  Secondary Maximum in the Near-Infrared Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae , 2006, astro-ph/0606449.

[2]  Xu Zhou,et al.  Determination of the Hubble Constant, the Intrinsic Scatter of Luminosities of Type Ia Supernovae, and Evidence for Nonstandard Dust in Other Galaxies , 2006, astro-ph/0603392.

[3]  J. Prieto,et al.  A New Method to Calibrate the Magnitudes of Type Ia Supernovae at Maximum Light , 2006, astro-ph/0603407.

[4]  A. Pastorello,et al.  Anomalous extinction behaviour towards the Type Ia SN 2003cg , 2006, astro-ph/0603316.

[5]  M. Stritzinger,et al.  Constraints on the progenitor systems of type Ia supernovae , 2005, astro-ph/0506415.

[6]  Wendy L. Freedman,et al.  The Carnegie Supernova Project: The Low‐Redshift Survey , 2005, astro-ph/0512039.

[7]  Armin Rest,et al.  Photometry of the Type Ia Supernovae 1999cc, 1999cl, and 2000cf , 2005, astro-ph/0511162.

[8]  Lifan Wang.  Dust around Type Ia Supernovae , 2005, astro-ph/0511003.

[9]  Warren R. Brown,et al.  UBVRI Light Curves of 44 Type Ia Supernovae , 2005, astro-ph/0509234.

[10]  Bangalore,et al.  Multiband optical photometry and bolometric light curve of the Type Ia supernova 2004S , 2005, astro-ph/0504183.

[11]  Pasadena,et al.  Reddening, Absorption, and Decline Rate Corrections for a Complete Sample of Type Ia Supernovae Leading to a Fully Corrected Hubble Diagram to v < 30,000 km s–1 , 2005, astro-ph/0501664.

[12]  Xu Zhou,et al.  A Novel Color Parameter as a Luminosity Calibrator for Type Ia Supernovae , 2005, astro-ph/0501565.

[13]  R. Kotak,et al.  The Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae: Evidence for Systematics? , 2004, astro-ph/0411059.

[14]  G. Theureau,et al.  Kinematics of the local universe XII. 21-cm line measurements of 586 galaxies with the new Nançay receiver , 2005 .

[15]  J. Sollerman,et al.  The late-time light curve of the type Ia supernova 2000cx , 2004, astro-ph/0409338.

[16]  S. E. Persson,et al.  Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Type Ia Supernovae 1991T, 1991bg, 1999ek, 2001bt, 2001cn, 2001cz, and 2002bo , 2004, astro-ph/0409036.

[17]  C. Stubbs,et al.  Results of the Mount Stromlo Abell cluster supernova search , 2004 .

[18]  M. Turatto,et al.  Cepheid calibration of Type Ia supernovae and the Hubble constant , 2004, astro-ph/0401273.

[19]  Kevin Krisciunas,et al.  Hubble Diagrams of Type Ia Supernovae in the Near-Infrared , 2003, astro-ph/0312626.

[20]  S. E. Persson,et al.  Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Nearby Type Ia Supernovae 1999ee, 2000bh, 2000ca, and 2001ba , 2003, astro-ph/0311439.

[21]  A. Karimi,et al.  Master‟s thesis , 2011 .

[22]  L. Wang,et al.  SN 2003du: Signatures of the Circumstellar Environment in a Normal Type Ia Supernova? , 2003, astro-ph/0309639.

[23]  M. F. Physik,et al.  Near-Infrared Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae , 2003, astro-ph/0306470.

[24]  P. Nugent,et al.  The intrinsic colour dispersion in Type Ia supernovae , 2003 .

[25]  D. Kasen,et al.  Spectropolarimetry of SN 2001el in NGC 1448: Asphericity of a Normal Type Ia Supernova , 2003, astro-ph/0303397.

[26]  Caltech,et al.  SN 2002cx: The Most Peculiar Known Type Ia Supernova , 2003, astro-ph/0301428.

[27]  M. Thomas,et al.  Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Unusual Type Ia Supernova 2000cx , 2002, astro-ph/0212543.

[28]  N. Suntzeff,et al.  Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Nearby Type Ia Supernova 2001el , 2002, astro-ph/0210327.

[29]  Lynne A. Hillenbrand,et al.  The Y Band at 1.035 Microns: Photometric Calibration and the DwarfStellar/Substellar Color Sequence , 2002, astro-ph/0204329.

[30]  J. Cuby,et al.  Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy of SN 1999ee and SN 1999ex , 2002, astro-ph/0203491.

[31]  E. Ofek,et al.  The Unique Type Ia Supernova 2000cx in NGC 524 , 2001, astro-ph/0107318.

[32]  M. Livio,et al.  Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts : the greatest explosions since the big bang : proceedings of the Space Telescope Science Institute Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, May 3-6, 1999 , 2001 .

[33]  A. S. Fruchter,et al.  Timescale Stretch Parameterization of Type Ia Supernova B-Band Light Curves , 2001, astro-ph/0104382.

[34]  Research Center for the Early Universe,et al.  The template type Ia supernova 1996X , 2000, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

[35]  Alexei V. Filippenko,et al.  The Lick Observatory Supernova Search with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope , 2001 .

[36]  A. Riess,et al.  Uniformity of (V–Near-Infrared) Color Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae and Implications for Host Galaxy Extinction Determination , 1999, astro-ph/9912219.

[37]  M. Livio,et al.  The greatest explosions since the big bang : supernovae and gamma-ray bursts : poster papers from the Space Telescope Science Institute Symposium, May 1999 , 2000 .

[38]  R. Schommer,et al.  The Reddening-Free Decline Rate Versus Luminosity Relationship for Type Ia Supernovae , 1999, astro-ph/9907052.

[39]  J. Tonry,et al.  The Surface Brightness Fluctuation Survey of Galaxy Distances. II. Local and Large-Scale Flows , 1999, astro-ph/9907062.

[40]  S. E. Persson,et al.  A New System of Faint Near-Infrared Standard Stars , 1998 .

[41]  D. Schlegel,et al.  Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds , 1998 .

[42]  A. Riess,et al.  Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant , 1998, astro-ph/9805201.

[43]  J. Wheeler,et al.  Type Ia Supernovae: Influence of the Initial Composition on the Nucleosynthesis, Light Curves, and Spectra and Consequences for the Determination of ΩM and Λ , 1997, astro-ph/9709233.

[44]  H. Ford,et al.  Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant , 1998, astro-ph/9801080.

[45]  D. Schlegel,et al.  Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds , 1997, astro-ph/9710327.

[46]  W. Press,et al.  Is the Dust Obscuring Supernovae in Distant Galaxies the Same as Dust in the Milky Way? , 1996 .

[47]  R. Smith,et al.  The morphology of type ia supernovae light curves , 1996, astro-ph/9609063.

[48]  William Press,et al.  A Precise Distance Indicator: Type Ia Supernova Multicolor Light-Curve Shapes , 1996, astro-ph/9604143.

[49]  P. Nugent,et al.  Evidence for a Spectroscopic Sequence among Type Ia Supernovae , 1995, astro-ph/9510004.

[50]  M. Phillips,et al.  The Absolute Magnitudes of Type IA Supernovae , 1993 .

[51]  Jan Peters,et al.  SN 1991bg - A type Ia supernova with a difference , 1993 .

[52]  L. Ho,et al.  The subluminous spectroscopically peculiar type Ia supernova 1991bg in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4374 , 1992 .

[53]  Arlo U. Landolt,et al.  UBVRI Photometric Standard Stars in the Magnitude Range 11 , 1992 .

[54]  J. Mathis,et al.  The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction , 1989 .

[55]  G. Neugebauer,et al.  Type I supernovae in the infrared and their use as distance indicators , 1985 .

[56]  Michael S. Bessell,et al.  UBVRI PHOTOMETRY II: THE COUSINS VRI SYSTEM, ITS TEMPERATURE AND ABSOLUTE FLUX CALIBRATION, AND RELEVANCE FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOMETRY. , 1979 .