DNA Designer Defects in Photonic Crystals: Optically Monitored Biochemistry

The need for more accurate, rapid, and powerful chemical sensing methods has been a driving force for the development of new materials and devices. The sensing of biological species and biochemical interactions represents today the major part of these efforts, with important ramifications from disease identification to understanding the basis of organic life. While many important advances have been made in the monitoring of biorecognition and interaction events at surfaces and in so-lution, the increasing ability to fabricate complex architectures with nanoscale precision presents unprecedented opportunities for obtaining materials with new and improved properties and designed function. [1–3] Biosensors based on optical, [4–6] electrochemical, [7–12] and mass-change readouts [

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