Diabetes enhances dental caries and apical periodontitis in caries-susceptible WBN/KobSlc rats.

Many epidemiologic studies have suggested that diabetes may be an important risk factor for periodontal disease. To determine whether diabetes induces or enhances periodontal disease or dental caries, dental tissue from diabetic male and nondiabetic female WBN/KobSlc rats and male and female age-matched nondiabetic F344 rats was analyzed morphologically and morphometrically for these 2 types of lesions. Soft X-ray examination revealed that the incidence and severity of both molar caries and alveolar bone resorption were much higher in male WBN/KobSlc rats with chronic diabetes than in nondiabetic female rats of the same strain. Histopathologic examination showed that dental caries progressed from acute to subacute inflammation due to bacterial infections and necrosis in the pulp when the caries penetrated the dentin. In the most advanced stage of dental caries, inflammatory changes caused root abscess and subsequent apical periodontitis, with the formation of granulation tissue around the dental root. Inflammatory changes resulted in resorption of alveolar bone and correlated well with the severity of molar caries. Our results suggest that diabetic conditions enhance dental caries in WBN/KobSlc rats and that periodontal lesions may result from the apical periodontitis that is secondary to dental caries.

[1]  T. Matsuura,et al.  Morphological study on dental caries induced in WBN/KobSlc rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a standard laboratory diet , 2009, Laboratory animals.

[2]  E. Vairaktaris,et al.  Morphological Changes of Gingiva in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats , 2009, International journal of dentistry.

[3]  G. Garlet,et al.  Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Triggers the Development of Periodontal Disease in Rats , 2007, PloS one.

[4]  V. Chongsuvivatwong,et al.  Root surface and coronal caries in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus , 2007, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[5]  A. Flyvbjerg,et al.  Relationship between periodontitis and diabetes: lessons from rodent studies. , 2007, Journal of periodontology.

[6]  D. Graves,et al.  Diabetes Enhances Periodontal Bone Loss through Enhanced Resorption and Diminished Bone Formation , 2006, Journal of dental research.

[7]  K. Stoltze,et al.  Periodontitis deteriorates metabolic control in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. , 2006, Journal of periodontology.

[8]  J. Penninger,et al.  G(-) anaerobes-reactive CD4+ T-cells trigger RANKL-mediated enhanced alveolar bone loss in diabetic NOD mice. , 2005, Diabetes.

[9]  W. Borgnakke,et al.  Diabetes, periodontal diseases, dental caries, and tooth loss: a review of the literature. , 2004, Compendium of continuing education in dentistry.

[10]  J. Ship.  Diabetes and oral health: an overview. , 2003, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[11]  A. Kamer,et al.  The influence of diabetes on the periodontal tissues. , 2003, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[12]  G. Taylor,et al.  Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population. , 2002, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[13]  I. Johansson,et al.  Caries Incidence in Young Type 1 Diabetes mellitus Patients in Relation to Metabolic Control and Caries-Associated Risk Factors , 2002, Caries Research.

[14]  K. Horikiri,et al.  Proliferative retinal changes in diabetic rats (WBN/Kob). , 1999, Laboratory animal science.

[15]  L. Niskanen,et al.  Periodontal findings in elderly patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1998, Journal of periodontology.

[16]  I. Narama,et al.  Peripheral neuropathy in the spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rat , 1996, Acta Neuropathologica.

[17]  W. Knowler,et al.  Severe Periodontitis and Risk for Poor Glycemic Control in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. , 1996, Journal of periodontology.

[18]  A. Hugoson,et al.  Medical status and complications in relation to periodontal disease experience in insulin-dependent diabetics. , 1996, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[19]  J. Malacara,et al.  Periodontal disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The effect of age and time since diagnosis. , 1994, Journal of periodontology.

[20]  P. Canepari,et al.  Lack of correlation between salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli counts and caries in IDDM children. , 1994, Minerva stomatologica.

[21]  W. Knowler,et al.  Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. , 1990, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[22]  Kazuo Kobayashi,et al.  Spontaneous diabetes-like syndrome in WBN/Kob rats , 1985, Acta diabetologia latina.

[23]  I. Narama,et al.  A new diabetic strain of rat (WBN/Kob) , 1985, Laboratory animals.

[24]  J. Navia,et al.  Sources of Variability in Rat Caries Studies: Weaning Age and Diet Fed During Tooth Eruption , 1977, Journal of dentistry research.

[25]  V. Foglia,et al.  Effect of Insulin on Caries Activity in the Rat , 1971, Journal of dental research.

[26]  R. L. Hartles,et al.  Experimental dental caries in the albino rat. The effect of single subcutaneous injections of alloxan on the incidence of dental caries , 1958, British Journal of Nutrition.

[27]  J. H. Shaw,et al.  The Effect of Alloxan Diabetes On Caries Incidence in the Albino Rat , 1957, Journal of dental research.

[28]  Y. Fukuda,et al.  Renal lesions in a strain of spontaneously diabetic WBN/KOB rats , 2007, Acta diabetologia latina.

[29]  A. Hernández-Mijares,et al.  Dental caries in type 1 diabetics: influence of systemic factors of the disease upon the development of dental caries. , 2006, Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal.

[30]  I. Narama,et al.  Peripheral motor neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats: a morphometric and electron microscopic study , 2004, Acta Neuropathologica.

[31]  S. Bernasconi,et al.  Oral Health in Children and Adolescents with IDDM - A Review , 1999, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[32]  A. Dedić,et al.  [Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases]. , 1998, Medicinski arhiv.