Students Motivating Students to Excel: Cooperative Incentives, Cooperative Tasks, and Student Achievement

The Elementary School Journal Volume 85, Number 1 O 1984 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 001 -5984/85/8501-0004$01 .00 Students who are unmotivated to learn do not learn. This is virtually a truism, certainly known to every teacher and researcher interested in increasing student learning, Yet research over the past decade has largely avoided consideration of means of motivating students to do academic work and to want to learn. The principal exception to this is the behavior modification tradition, which generally lies outside of the mainstream of educational research (see Brophy 1983; Greer 1983). Most motivational research in education focuses on understanding rather than increasing student motivation. It is important to distinguish between "student motivation" and "classroom incentives." "Student motivation" is used

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